十位歷史名人的暗黑一面(下)

e Jobs

5.斯蒂芬·喬布斯

Steve Jobs is arguably one of the greatest minds of this generation. Not only did he lead Apple in its revolution of mobile technology, but he also played a part in the growth of Pixar as a film company.

喬布斯可能是這個時代最偉大的人物。這不僅是因爲他領導了蘋果公司在移動通信技術上的革命，還因爲他對皮克斯電影公司的發展也起到非常重要的作用。

However, his image as a cool inventor who gives gifts to humanity is beyond misleading. Apple is a business and, like any business, aims to make a profit. However, unlike most businesses, Apple readily employs people in sub-human conditions. Steve Jobs didn't see this as a problem, claiming sweatshops "aren't that bad." Steve Jobs was also not known for his charitable giving. Unlike other rich people, such as Bill Gates and Mark Zuckerberg, Steve Jobs did not donate his vast wealth to good causes, and when Jobs regained control of Apple, he shut down Apple's charity programs.

然而，他在人們眼裏確實以冷酷的發明家出現。他的冷酷無情的這種特質無疑是印證了人類性格的多樣性，人們對他的這種印象絕不是道聽途說的。和別的公司一樣， 蘋果公司也是一家盈利公司，但是跟別的公司不同的是，蘋果公司的工作要求和工作環境真的不是爲人類而設計的。而喬布斯卻認爲"血汗工廠"並沒有什麼不對的。跟別的土豪比如比爾·蓋茨和馬克·扎克伯格不一樣，喬布斯是一個從不從事慈善事業的人。喬布斯不僅沒有把他手頭上的大筆財產貢獻一部分給慈善事業，而且當他重新掌握蘋果公司的大權時，他還關閉了蘋果公司的慈善部門。

tma Ghandi

4.聖雄甘地

Mahatma Gandhi is well known for his belief in non-violence resistance and his pacifist nature. However, what is less well known is his devotion to his vow of celibacy and the lengths he would go to confirm it. For Gandhi, sexual abuse of his teenage grandnieces was part of that vow. While it is not known whether or not Gandhi engaged in sexual acts with the young girls, he certainly slept naked with them, which is seen as child abuse by both the UK and US Governments.

聖雄甘地爲世人所熟知的是非暴力抵 抗的信念和他熱愛和平的天性。然而，他對獨身誓言的奉獻和他爲實現誓言而付出的努力卻鮮爲人知。對於甘地來說，他十幾歲的孫侄女的性虐待問題也是誓言的一部分。雖然目前還不知道甘地是否曾經與年輕女孩發生性行爲，可以肯定的是他赤裸着與這些女孩睡在一起，這一幕使得英國和美國政府均認定甘地涉及性侵兒童。

While this act could be passed off as a difference in culture, there is another side to Gandhi which has even less in common with his popular image. Although Gandhi was famous for respecting all races — it was this respect that got him killed, after all — he was less than sympathetic towards the Jews who were being persecuted at the time. Following his belief in non-violent resistance, Gandhi claimed that the Jews would be better off killing themselves. Failing that, they should have allowed themselves to be killed. Despite a view that, at the very least, condoned the Holocaust, Gandhi was not a Nazi and actively opposed Nazi plans. However, this didn't stop him from praising Hitler, once describing the Fuhrer as the "defender of the Fatherland," and saying he wasn't as bad as people made him out to be.

雖然這種行爲可以被解釋爲文化的差異而一帶而過，但是甘地還有一面和通常的形象相差甚遠。雖然甘地因尊重各個種族而著名 ——也正是因爲這種尊重使得他被奪走生命，但是畢竟——他對當時正遭受迫害的猶太人卻少了份同情和尊重，按照他非暴力抵抗的信念，甘地認爲當時猶太人自殺是更好的選擇。如果下不去手，就應該無怨被殺。儘管一種觀點認爲，甘地雖然縱容大屠殺，但是最起碼他不是納粹，並且積極反對納粹的計劃。然而，這並沒有妨礙他讚美希特勒，他有一次描述希特勒爲"祖國衛士"，並說希特勒遠沒有人們編造的那麼糟糕。

mmad

3.穆罕默德

The prophet Mohammad lived in the Middle East during the 6th and 7th centuries, and from his work grew the world's second largest religion, Islam. However, while many Muslims today follow a peaceful brand of Islam, as practiced by Mohammad it was far from civil. During the faith's early years, Mohammad often spread Islam by ways of force and, when not spreading the word, would often raid trade routes that other groups relied on, just to get revenge.

先知穆罕默德生活在公元6到7世紀，他通過不斷的努力纔有了今天世界第二大宗教——伊斯蘭教。然而，儘管今天許多穆斯林遵循伊斯蘭教的和平理念，穆罕穆德當初實行的理念還遠談不上文明。 在成立伊斯蘭教的最初幾年裏，穆罕默德經常以武力的方式來傳播教義，並且當傳播受阻的時候，他只是爲了報復會經常突襲其他羣體所依賴的貿易路線。

Mohammad was also guilty of what can only be seen as war crimes. After his group conquered a Jewish tribe, it was ordered that "all the able-bodied male persons belonging to the tribe should be killed." But Mohammad's orders did not end with murder. After conquering tribes, Mohammad often allowed his men to rape the women that were captured, as long as they weren't Muslims. There are also claims that Mohammad raped a 6-year-old girl. Some may argue that it was a different time, but that is no better an excuse than "I was just following orders."

穆罕默德還犯了只能被視爲戰爭罪行的罪行。部分伊斯蘭教徒征服了一個猶太族部落後，他下令"這個部落所有身強力壯的男人都要被處死"。但是穆罕默德的命令並非僅此而已。征服部落之後，穆罕默德還允許他的部下強姦俘獲不是穆斯林的婦女。也有很多人說穆罕默德自己也強姦了一名年僅6歲的小女孩。有些人可能會認爲這是不同的時間發生的事情，但是這拙劣的藉口倒不如"我只是奉命行事。"來得更好一些。

y Savile

2.吉米-薩維爾

Jimmy Savile was one of Britain's favorite and most successful radio and TV broadcasters, with a career that lasted for over 30 years. During that time, he was well known for his charity work and often raised large amounts of money, as well as hosting a TV show where kids (and some adults) could have their dreams come true. For his work, Savile received an OBE, and most people thought it was well earned. However, what the public didn't know was that Savile was using his influences as a celebrity for a much darker purpose. A year after he died, it was revealed that Savile had sexually abused over 100 underage victims, many times offering them a place on his show in return for sexual favors. To add to his dark nature, the UK police have looked into claims that Savile abused young patients at a hospital he was a volunteer at. Savile was able to get away with these crimes for years because he wore the disguise of a generous carer so well that none questioned his motives, and he successfully hid his dark side from the public until after he died

吉米-薩維爾是英國最受歡迎、最成功的電臺電視臺播音員。在吉米-薩維爾30多年的職業生涯中，他因做慈善事業，籌集了大量資金而爲衆人所知，同時他也主持了一檔讓孩子和一些成人可以實現夢想的電視秀。因其工作成就，吉米-薩維爾被授予官佐勳章（OBE），多數人認爲這是他應該得到的榮譽。然而，公衆所不知的是，吉米-薩維爾利用其名人的外衣做了很多見不得陽光的事。在他死後一年，吉米-薩維爾性侵100多名未成年人的事實被揭露出來，作爲性侵的交易，吉米-薩維爾多次爲受害者提供上電視秀表演的機會。英國警察調查瞭解到在吉米-薩維爾在一所醫院做志願者時曾虐待年輕病人，這又強化了其邪惡的本性。吉米-薩維爾多年來之所以能夠逃避罪行，是因爲他以慷慨的護理者的身份很好地僞裝了自己，致使沒人懷疑他的動機。吉米-薩維爾成功地對公衆隱藏了他的陰暗面，一直到死也沒有被發現。

Disney

1.華特·迪斯尼

America's own beloved "Uncle Walt" made millions of dollars with great cartoons, animated features, and a family-focused entertainment company that continues to entertain millions to this day. He built Disneyland as a tourist destination and laid down plans for a Florida-based theme park that many around the globe consider "the happiest place on earth". Why, what could possibly be wrong with Walter Disney? Racism, for one. At least in modern eyes, some of Walt's decisions and comments would be considered everything from questionable to highly offensive – like referring to the dwarfs in Snow White as an n-word pile and buddying up with known anti-semites in the Motion Picture Alliance For the Preservation of American Ideals. He even personally welcomed Nazi film director Leni Riefenstahl at his studios 1 month after Kristallnacht. There are also rumors of sexism, mostly relating to his refusal to hire women in the creative process. Most people who knew Walt Disney claimed that he really wasn't aggressive in his racism, certainly in comparison with the times he lived in, but it does call into question some of his motivations for his decisions.

深受美國人喜歡的華特迪士尼憑藉其設計的經典卡通形象、拍攝的栩栩如生的動畫片而賺得盆滿鉢滿，他開創的以服務家庭爲第一目標的娛樂公司迪士尼至今依然是很多人快樂的源泉。他將迪士尼打造成旅遊勝地，其建立在佛羅里達的迪士尼綜合主題公園至今仍被很多人稱作快樂的天堂。說了這麼多，像華特大叔這樣的人又能做什麼不好的事情呢？一定難以想象吧，種族歧視就是其中之一。至少，在現代人的眼中，華特迪士尼的很多決定與言論是具有高度攻擊性的：例如在《白雪公主與七個小矮人》中，他將小矮人稱作"黑鬼"，另外，他與美國電影聯盟中著名的反猶分子交好。他甚至在1938年納粹黨策劃的反猶太集會活動纔過去1個月的時候，就邀請納粹導演蕾妮瑞芬舒丹到他的私人工作室工作。對於華特大叔，還有些傳聞指出他有性別歧視，在一些創造性的項目上，他拒絕女員工的加入。許多知道華特迪士尼的人都爲他辯駁稱他的種族歧視並不嚴重，考慮到當時那個特定的年代也許確實如此，但是他做許多決定的動機確實令人懷疑他是堅定的種族歧視者。

翻譯:哈利小王子 杜琪 來源：前十網