像嬰兒一樣學習能提高智力
People who are furrowing their brows over weighty arithmetic puzzles or sweating over wordy text books might want to take note.
對超難度算術題皺眉頭或對冗長的課本冒汗的人需要記筆記。
Adults can significantly bulk up their brains in just a couple of hours by carrying out simple learning tasks that are on the same intelligence level as a baby.
成人通過完成跟嬰兒同樣智力的簡單學習任務，能夠有效地提高智力。
Scientists had previously believed that the human brain was incapable of adding grey matter over short periods of time.
科學家們以前認爲人類大腦灰質不能在短時間內增加。
But adults quickly boosted their grey matter when they were given simple learning tasks that could be completed by a baby, according to a study.
但是根據該研究，成人可以通過完成嬰兒般簡單任務來增加大腦灰質。
The ground-breaking discovery could pave the way for a range of new treatments for brain disorders that doctors had previously thought were beyond help.
這項獨創性發現爲大腦紊亂的新治療方法做好準備，大腦紊亂在以前醫生是無能爲力的。
'Our finding suggests that the adult human brain is far more plastic than previously believed,' researcher Li-Hai Tan, a cognitive neuroscientist at the University of Hong Kong, told LiveScience.
“我們的研究表明成人大腦比以前的發現更有可塑性。”香港大學認知神經科學家譚力海在《生活科學》上說。
'We are very excited about the finding, because we think that it offers hope to adult people with brain development disorders.
“我們對這項發現感到非常興奮，因爲我們覺得它可以爲患腦部發育紊亂的成人提供希望。”
'With appropriate intervention strategies, adults' brains may still be able to quickly develop structure to acquire skills.
“隨着適當的干預策略，成人大腦依然可以快速開發組織獲得技能。”
'This will be a welcome relief to many families.'
“這對許多家庭來說將會是一種安慰。”
Researchers have known for many years that the brains of young children are able to grown rapidly.
研究人員從多年前已經知道兒童的大腦可以迅速發育。
In recent years, studies have also found that the adult brain is still relatively malleable and capable of increasing its grey matter after learning for several weeks.
最近幾年，研究也表明成人大腦在學習幾個星期之後依然可塑，能夠增加大腦灰質。
But never before have doctors known that the human brain can be 'pumped up' over such short periods of time.
但是以前從沒有醫生知道人類大腦可以在短時間內“快速發育”。
(恆星英語學習網原創編譯,轉載請註明出處!)In the experiment, adults were given four different coloured cards and asked to associate nonsensical words with them.
實驗中，給成年人4張不同的彩色卡片，讓他們自己把卡片跟沒有意義的單詞聯繫在一起。
The tasks were the same processes that babies go through when learning how to associate language with objects.
The participants were then asked to accept the new words as actual descriptors for the new colours.
該項任務跟嬰兒學習如何把語言跟物體聯繫起來過程一樣。
由於對新顏色有真正描述，參與者就要認識這些新單詞。
They had to memorise them so that they could reply with the correct colour name at a later date and to match them with the descriptions when asked.
他們必須記住這些單詞，因爲晚些時候他們要回答準確的顏色名並把它們跟所描述的搭配起來。
The tasks were carried out in five sessions that were spread over three days but the total amount of time spent on learning only came to one hour and 48 minutes.
整項任務分成5個部分花了3天時間進行，但是用在學習的總體時間只有1小時48分鐘。
Researchers then performed MRI scans on the adults and it was revealed that new grey matter had formed in the left hemisphere of their brains.
研究人員又對成人進行核磁共振掃描，表明新的灰質在他們左半腦形成。
It is not yet clear if the new matter was comprised of new neuron formation or if they were simply dendrites (branches).
但是對於該物質是由新神經元構成還是隻是樹突（分支）還不清楚。
The experiment initially started to try and discover if people perceive the world differently according to which language they speak.
該實驗起初是爲了試驗人們看待世界不同是否由於他們所說的語言不同。
Although that question was not answered, the findings, which have been published in the journal Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, could help millions of people who suffer with learning disabilities.
儘管那個問題沒解決，但是發表在《美國國家科學院院刊》的研究結果可以幫助成千上萬患有學習障礙的人。
'We were so surprised, we could not believe it — the adult human brain structure changes so fast,' Tan added.
“我們感到非常驚奇，不敢相信——成人大腦結構會變得這麼快。”譚教授說。
(恆星英語學習網原創編譯,轉載請註明出處!)
