調查:老外更相信白人說的話
一份最新調查顯示，當給出兩張照片——一張黑人一張白人時，若被問到“你更信任誰”時，大多數人給出的答案可能與潛意識中的想法不盡相同。
Researchers found that deciding who we trust - especially with our money - may be influenced more by subconscious racial biases that many of us would be horrified to admit.
研究人員稱，當在決定我們所信任的人時，特別是涉及與錢有關的事時，其實很多人都會受到潛意識中種族偏見的影響，而這點也是大家所不願意承認的。
'We strive as a culture to not let race bias be a significant factor in the way we choose to do things and on an individual level, we all assume that our beliefs reflect our actions, but we have to be aware of the fact that this won't always be the case,' Elizabeth Phelps, a psychologist at New York University and co-author of the study, told ABC News.
來自紐約的心理學家伊麗莎白·菲爾普斯說：“我們的文化引導我們不要將種族因素作爲決定事物的重要原因，而是要就事論事，我們也都認爲實際行動是對於信念的反映，但是我們得意識到，事實並非一直如此。”
They then asked participants to rate the 'trustworthiness' of nearly 300 faces of people from many races .
研究者向受測者展示了300張來自不同種族的面孔後，並詢問他們的“可信度”。
Participants then played a trust-based economic reward game.
受測者在之後又進行了一個建立在信任基礎上的有經濟報酬的遊戲。
Overall, if they showed an unconscious bias toward white people, they were more likely to say they trust whites more when asked - and more likely to risk more money.
總體而言，他們在潛意識中表現出了對於白人的偏心，當被詢問時，他們表示更願意相信白人，同時更願意冒金錢的風險。
The same bias showed up in the minority of participants that showed a bias towards black people.
同樣的情況也出現在對於很少一部分受測者對於黑人的偏心。
'Despite study after study showing that implicit bias exists, it's still something that a lot of people don't internalise within their own lives and behaviour,' Leslie Hausmann, assistant professor of medicine at the University of Pittsburgh, told ABC.
“雖然研究顯示了這樣的偏心偏見是確實存在的，不過大多數人也無法意識到這對於我們的生活以及行爲的影響。”匹茲堡大學的萊斯利·豪斯曼醫學助理教授說。
'There's a reluctance to admit that in our day-to-day lives, we have this and it matters,' she added.
“不論你承認與否，但在我們的日常生活中，這的確在發揮作用。”
Although researchers said the study was not 'overwhelming evidence for racism' when they measured this kind of subconscious prejudice in doctors treating minorities, the doctors were shocked to discover their unconscious bias affected what medications they prescribed to different races.
儘管研究者稱，這項研究並不能提供確鑿的證據，當醫生在行醫過程中這種潛意識所起到的影響，不過他們還是很吃驚的發現，這在醫生開具處方藥時發生了作用。
'Humans have always struggled with this: am I leading my daily life in such a way that my behaviour lines up with the values I have?' said Mahzarin Banaji, a co-author and psychologist at Harvard University
'Acknowledging this bias is part of bringing our behaviour in line with intentions.'
“人類一直在這點上掙扎着：我真的能在生活中實踐我的價值觀嗎？”哈佛大學的心理學家Mahzarin Banaji說，“不得不承認，這樣的偏心偏見有意圖的影響着我們的行爲。”
