別發泄! 用微笑來面對壓力

There are days that leave the best of us feeling worn outand stressed.

生活中我們總會有感到筋疲力盡、壓抑不堪的時候。

But ventingyour frustrations is the worst thing you can do, according to scientists.

但科學家研究發現，發泄你的怨氣是最糟糕的方法。

Instead, it is better to 'positively appraise' the cause of your stress with acceptance and humour as these are the most effective coping strategies for people dealing with failures.

相反，你最好能“積極評估”壓力產生的根源，以接受和幽默的態度來面對，因爲這是應對挫敗的最有效策略。

Researchers from the University of Kent had 149 students keep a diary for between three to 14 days.

肯特大學的研究人員讓149名參與調查的學生記日記，爲期3天到14天不等。

Each day, the students detailed their most bothersomefailure, the strategies they used to cope with the failure and how they felt at the end of the day.

學生每天記錄他們遭遇的最令人懊惱的失敗、克服挫折的對策、以及一天結束時的感受。

Their coping strategies included using emotional or instrumental support; self-distraction; denial; religion; venting; substanceuse; self-blame; and behavioural disengagement.

他們的應對策略包括情感或物質支持、分散注意力、拒不接受、尋求宗教信仰、宣泄、使用藥物、自我批評、以及行爲解脫。

Of these, using social support; denial; venting; behavioural disengagement; and self-blame coping had negative effects on satisfaction at the end of the day.

這些策略中，尋求社會幫助、拒不接受、宣泄、行爲解脫、及自我批評會削弱一天結束時的滿足感。

The more students used these coping strategies in dealing with the day's most bothersome failure, the less satisfied they felt.

受訪學生在應對一天中最令人煩惱的挫折時，這些策略使用得越多，他們越是感到不滿足。

In contrast, positive reframing or trying to see things in a more positive light; acceptance and humour coping had positive effects on satisfaction.

相比之下，積極地重新規劃、嘗試以更積極的眼光看待問題、容忍、幽默的處理態度會增加滿足感。

The more students used these coping strategies in dealing with failures, the more satisfied they felt at the end of the day.

學生在應對挫折時，這些策略使用得越多，一天結束時滿足感越高。

Lead researcher Dr Joachim Stoeber believes that the findings will be of significant interest to clinicians, counsellors and anyone working on stress research.

首席研究員喬安希姆 斯德伯博士認爲，該研究結果對臨牀醫生、顧問以及壓力研究工作者意義重大。

He said: 'The finding that positive reframing was helpful for students high in perfectionist concerns is particularly important because it suggests that even people high in perfectionist concerns, who have a tendency to be dissatisfied no matter what they achieve, are able to experience high levels of satisfaction if they use positive reframing coping when dealing with perceived failures.'

他說：“積極重新規劃法對於極力追求完美的學生有幫助，這一研究結果很重要，因爲研究表明，採用積極重新規劃法應對可察覺的失敗時，即使是完美主義者也能夠獲得較高的滿足感，而通常這類人不管實現了什麼，都覺得不滿足。”