大學裏不教但你必須學會的六項本領

When you go on to college, you do a bit of the same things, but you also learn to think analytically, critically, and to broaden your mind so to speak, but even people who graduate from college will learn lessons from the real world the hard way as well. The sad part is all of this could’ve been prevented with some proper education beforehand.
當你在上大學的時候，你學到的東西大同小異，但是你的確也會學習如何理性分析，如何擁有批判性思維，以及如何開拓思想，學會說話的藝術等。然而，那些已經畢了業的學生們也不得不在社會大學中以更加慘烈的方式來學習一些必要的本領。讓人感到傷心的是，這些本領其實在學校裏就應該學起來了。

Below are six things that I firmly believe should be taught in every school so that students don’t get railroaded when they enter the real world. If you’re still in school and reading this, consider it your lucky day as mastering these six skills will give you a great head start and help separate you from the rest of the pack as well.
以下六個本領是我認爲所有學校都應該教授的，這樣當學生們真正進入社會的時候，就不會硬着陸了。如果你還是個學生，那就恭喜你讀到了這篇文章，因爲掌握了這六大本領會讓你變得與衆不同。

#1. Personal Finance
1.個人理財

Every week or so, there always seems to be a new article in CNN, USA Today, or Yahoo about young adults struggling with debt, whether it be from credit cards or loans in general. High interest rates, hidden fees, not consolidating debt – these terms and concepts are mostly unknown to young adults and because of that ignorance, they tend to make big errors in judgment. A prime example is thinking that they just have to pay the minimum on their balance and not realizing that by doing so, they pay 2-3 times as much in the long run.
大約每隔一週，在CNN、USA Today或者Yahoo上就會有一篇關於年輕人陷入債務危機的報道，不論是信用卡還是一般的債務。高額的利息、隱藏在背後的費用、不鞏固債務狀況——大多數年輕人對於這些都缺乏瞭解，而正因爲這樣的無知，他們會在做出判斷時犯下致命的錯誤。一個典型的例子就是他們認爲他們總是隻需支還基於他們負債上的很小一部分，而沒有意識到這在長期將會使他們最終要支付的利息多過2~3倍。

Alongside that, most young adults don’t have a clue on how to invest their money. They don’t know what a Roth IRA account is, or a 401k, or the magic of compound interest, the tax benefits associated with investing in these types of vehicles, etc. There’s a lot of specialized knowledge out there that young adults are not aware of on when it comes to how they can invest their money and as a result, they frivolously spend it away.
除此之外，大多數年輕人不明白如何來將他們的錢用於投資，他們不知道個人退休賬戶是什麼，也不知道養老金計劃是什麼，也不知道複利的奇妙之處，同樣不清楚購買某些汽車所能享受到的稅費優惠，等等。在年輕人面對如何投資的問題時，他們所不瞭解的專業知識太多了，從而導致他們毫不謹慎地就把錢都花光了。

Even something as basic as creating a simple budget is beyond the grasp of some young adults and it simply amazes me that a lot of people don’t do this and some don’t even know how (you’d be surprised). Figure out your income after taxes, pay yourself FIRST (this is a big one – most people pay the bills and frivolously spend the leftovers until next payday), see what you can cut out if things are tight, look to see where you can bring in more income if you need to do so, etc.
甚至像做一個簡單的預算這樣基礎的工作對於一些年輕人來說都是超出他們的能力範圍的，而且我很驚訝的發現很多人從來不做這個工作，有些人甚至都不知道這個（我猜你也會吃驚的）。算出你的稅後收入是多少，然後首先給你自己支付一定的報酬（這將是很大的一筆，很多人在支付完賬單後很輕率的把剩餘的錢都用完了），如果生活不太寬裕的話看看能節省些什麼，同樣也注意一下如果你需要其他收入的話可以做些什麼，等等。

#2. Communicating Effectively
2.有效溝通

Communicating effectively is one of the most underrated, yet most powerful skills you can develop.
有效溝通是最被忽視卻是你能培養的最有用的本領。

The biggest part in communicating effectively is preparing what you want to say beforehand. Keep it simple. What’s my point? Why? Prepare a good example.
有效溝通最關鍵的是在於事前準備你想要說的是什麼，這得簡單明瞭，我的重點是什麼，並準備一個好的例子。

Your best friend in communicating effectively are these two words: “For example”. Whenever you see a confused look on people’s faces, your best response is leading with those two words: For example. When you do that AND follow up with a relevant example, it allows the other person to “frame” what you’re talking about to get a better idea of what it is.
你在實現有效溝通時最有用的三個字是：“比如說”。如果你發現別人的臉上出現了費解的神情，你最好的迴應就是這三個字：比如說。如果你這樣做了，並附以一個相關的例子來說明，別人會對於你所講的有一個框架認識，並能夠更好的理解那是什麼。

Communicating effectively is one of THE MOST underrated and MOST valuable skills a person can have. And let me tell you on a personal level, there’s nothing more refreshing than dealing with people who take the time to prepare what they have to say and back it up with clear examples. It’s a very rare skill nowadays.
有效溝通是最容易被忽視的，也是一個人能夠擁有的最有價值的本領之一。從我個人的角度來說，如果和一個花時間準備自己的觀點並用清楚的例子加以說明的人打交道是一件再好不過的事情了。但是現如今，有這項本領的人已經很少了。

#3. Social Skills
3. 社交本領

Closely related to communicating effectively are social skills in general. After you graduate, you’re not going to be dealing with your high school or frat buddies anymore. You’ll be dealing with many people from different backgrounds, countries, and more importantly different age groups, so it would be wise to learn how to socialize outside your own group.
一般意義上來講，社交本領就是緊密並有效的保持交流。當你畢業之後，你所要面對的就不再是你的中學同學或是哥們了。你將要面對的是有着各種背景的，可能是來自不同國家的，更重要的一點是不同年齡段的人羣，因此學習怎樣同你自己圈子以外的人打交道將是很明智的選擇。

Cut the slang - Learn to respect customs from other countries.
別說俚語。學着尊重你的外國客戶。

Learn how to listen – few people do. Learn when to speak and when NOT to.
學會傾聽（現在很少有人這樣），知道什麼時候該講話，什麼時候不該。

Learn the art of networking – that’s key. Networking is a big skill that’s not taught enough in schools. Learn to compliment. Mingle. Make small talk.
學習建立人脈的藝術——這是十分重要的。建立人際網是很重要的一項本領，在學校裏你是學不到的。學着恭維，學着合羣，學着說些應酬話。

Learn to approach people – that’s another big skill. Most people don’t have the guts to take the first initiative and introduce themselves. Be the big man. Take the first step.
學會接近別人。這是另一項重要的本領。很多人沒有膽量在初次見面的時候做自我介紹。做個勇敢的人，踏出第一步，學會讓別人覺得你這個人不錯。#4. Sales
4.推銷

Obviously I’m not advocating people becoming a salesman after school, but learning the art of selling is what I’m advocating. If you think about it, we all sell everyday. We sell ideas to our boss. We sell to our friends when we pitch ideas on what to do this weekend. We sell ourselves in job interviews. You could say that sales is a great combination of social skills and communicating effectively, but with some other components you should pick up that will be useful.
很明顯我要提倡的不是讓學生畢業之後去當一名推銷員，而是去學習推銷的藝術。如果你細細思考這個詞，你會發現我們每天都在做着推銷的工作。我們向我們的老闆推銷我們的想法，在有好點子的時候向朋友們推銷週末的娛樂項目，在面試的時候推銷自己。你可以說推銷是社交本領和有效溝通的完美結合，但是如果掌握了其他的一些東西，會讓你的推銷更有效的：

Listen. Really listen. Actively listen.
Learn how to be convincing.
Be persuasive.
Think of objections and counter them ahead of time.
Stress benefits instead of features.
Listen to the other person. (yes I know it's a repeat, but it's for emphasis)
Develop empathy.
Think in terms of how you can help serve the other person.

傾聽，是真的傾聽、主動的傾聽
學習如何讓自己有說服力
讓自己有鼓動性
事先設想可能會遇到的困難並在之前就解決它們
強調利益而不是特點
傾聽別人（我知道這是重複的，但我只是想強調這一點）
擁有更多同情心
從你能夠怎麼樣來服務他人的角度思考問題

Selling is one of the few skills that can be utilized in any job or career. It’s one of the most important cross marketable skills you will ever develop.
推銷是僅有的幾個在任何職業中都有用的本領之一，是你能夠培養的最有用的跨職業適用的本領之一。

#5: Time Management
5.時間管理

Speaking of other skills that can be utilized in any job and career is time management. The majority of students never really learn to value their time and manage it while in school. Procrastination is all too rampant (studying right before class, doing homework and essays the day it’s due, partying the night before the exam). This lack of time management often carries over into adulthood, which becomes a major liability.
要說還有別的能在任何職業中都有用的本領，那就是時間管理了。大多數學生在學校中從沒有真正認識到時間的價值，更不用說來管理了，拖拉現象太過氾濫了（在上課前的幾分鐘纔開始預習，在要交作業或是論文的那天才匆匆趕任務，在考試的前一天晚上還開派對）。這種拖拖拉拉的習慣經常會帶到他們成年的生活當中去，成爲了一項重要的不足。

Learn to make a to do list. Learn to prioritize. Learn to break things down into 30 minute blocks of time. Learn about actionable items.
學着製作一張計劃表，學會區分哪些事情需要優先去做，學會把一項任務分解到30分鐘內的每一分鐘都需要做些什麼，學會區分哪些事情有可操作性。

#6: Health
6.健康

It’s not enough to make students run a mile and play sports. Education is needed now more than ever. Education on the dangers of consuming too much fast food. Education on what diets in high sugar and fat can do to the body. Education on proper nutrition. Education on the importance of exercising regularly as well.
僅僅讓學生跑個一英里然後做一些體育運動是不夠的，這方面的教育是前所未有的重要的。學生們應該被告知過多食用快餐食品的危害、哪些食物的糖類和脂肪含量對人體會產生影響、合理營養、有規律進行運動的重要性等等。

I think if schools start teaching these kinds of things, we could nip so many problems in the bud because most teenagers will not research this material on their own. If you have any friends or family who are still in school, please forward them this article. Think of it as a cheat sheet for the real world. You’ll be doing them a great service and they will most definitely thank you after they graduate. I guarantee it.
我想如果學校開始教授這些東西，那麼很多問題都是可以避免的，因爲年輕人自己是不會主動去查這些資料的。如果你有朋友或者是親戚還是學生的話，請讓他們來讀一讀這篇文章，就把這篇文章看作是帶入現實社會的一本備忘錄吧。你講會給他們帶來莫大的幫助，我敢保證他們也肯定會在畢業之後對你表示感謝的。