喜馬拉雅、乞力馬扎羅山的名字是怎麼來的？
2015年8月，奧巴馬總統宣佈，北美最高的山峯，麥金利山將會改名。它的新名字，德納裏峯，事實上也是它最初的阿留申名字，意爲“高的”。另一方面，之前的名字要追溯到1896年，那一年是爲了紀念威廉·麥金利（1843-1901），他曾短暫地就任過美國總統。
當然，德納裏是唯一一個與有趣的語言學歷史相關的山峯，讓我們去往亞洲，非洲，穿過歐洲，來探索這些大陸最有名的山峯和山脈的名字。
layas
喜馬拉雅山脈
The Nepalese name Himalaya comes from a Sanskrit word meaning ‘Abode of Snow’, from hima for ‘snow’ and ālaya for ‘abode’. In Buddhist sources, the Himalayan region is known by various names such as Himavā and Himavanta.
喜馬拉雅山脈的名字是尼泊爾人取自梵語詞語，意爲“有雪的地方”，“喜馬”意爲“雪”，拉雅意爲“地方”。在佛教的起源中，喜馬拉雅地區因爲有着許多個名字而爲人所熟知，例如Himavā 和Himavant。
t Everest
埃佛勒斯峯
In 1856, Mount Everest was named after Sir George Everest (1790–1866), who was the superintendent of the Trigonometrical Survey of India. Everest himself was initially displeased by the naming, since he feared that local inhabitants might not be able to pronounce it.
1856年，埃佛勒斯峯由喬治埃佛勒斯（1790-1866）命名，他是印度三角區的負責人。埃佛勒斯最初對這個名字並不滿意，因爲他擔心當地的居民不能夠發出這個音來。
3.K2
喬戈裏峯
K2 stands for Karakoram 2, because it was the second peak to be surveyed in the Trigonometrical Survey in the Karakoram system. It was also formerly known as Mount Godwin-Austen after Col. H. H. Godwin-Austen, who first surveyed it. Another alternative name for the mountain is Chhogori.
K2代表第二個喀喇崑崙山脈，因爲它在喀喇崑崙山系中的三角區排名第二。它在之前也被第一個發現它的古德溫·奧斯丁稱爲喬戈裏峯。這個山峯還有一個名字叫做Chhogori。
purna
安納普爾納峯
Annapurna is a household Goddess for Hindus, who guarantees to her worshippers that food will not fail. The name derives from a Sanskrit word meaning ‘one who gives nourishment’.
安納普爾納是印度教徒信仰的主管家庭的女神，她對自己的信徒承諾以源源不斷的食物。這個名字源於一個梵文詞，意爲“給予食物”。
erhorn
馬特洪峯
The Matterhorn’s name derives from the name of the nearby town of Zermatt, the second element of which is apparently Matte ‘meadow’, and Horn, ‘horn’. Horn is not an unusual element in German names of mountains with jutting peaks. The mountain is called Mont Cervin in French and Monte Cervino in Italian, from the Italian adjective cervino ‘deer-like’, which conjures up a deer’s antlers.
馬特洪峯的名字源於策馬特附近的一個小鎮，顯然，第二個元素matte意爲“草場”，horn意爲“號角”。在德國比較高的山峯的名字中，Horn不是一個不同尋常的元素。在法語中，這座山峯被稱爲Ceryin（馬特洪峯），在意大利語中，被稱爲Cervino（切爾維諾山），源自意大利語中的形容詞cervino，意爲“像鹿一樣”，使人想到鹿的角。
Nevis
本尼維斯山
Ben Nevis is the Anglicized form of the Scottish Gaelic name Beinn Nibheis, which means ‘Mountain by the (River) Nevis’. The name of the river apparently derives from a Celtic root for ‘water’.
本尼維斯是蘇格蘭蓋立語Beinn Nibheis的英語化，意爲“尼維斯河邊的山”。顯然，這座山的名字源於凱爾特語中的“水”一詞。
t Kilimanjaro
乞力馬扎羅山
The name of Africa’s highest peak means ‘Mountain of the God of Cold’, from the Swahili kilima, ‘mountain’, and njaro, ‘god of cold’. As a part of German East Africa, it was previously known as Kaiser Wilhelm Spitze (‘Emperor William Peak’) after William I, German emperor (1871–88). The mountain received its present name after the British were awarded a League of Nations mandate for this part of German East Africa in 1920.
這座非洲最高峯的名字意爲“冰雪之神的山”，源於斯瓦西里語kilima，意爲“山峯”，njaro，意爲“冰雪之神”。作爲德屬東非的一部分，它之前被叫做Kaiser Wilhelm Spitze（威廉大帝山），即德國皇帝威廉一世（1871-1888）.在1920年，英國得到國際聯盟在德屬東非地區的授權後，這座山峯纔有了現在的名字。
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