中英雙語話史記 第97期:靖康之變
Song Dynasty
宋朝Jingkang Incident
靖康之變The first 25 years at the beginning of the 12th century saw the darkest age ruled by the fatuous and self-indulgent Emperor Huizong.
12世紀開頭的25年見證了由愚蠢而放縱的宋徽宗執政的黑暗時期。
Although Huizong usefully kept down the two large-scale peasant uprisings, his dynasty was doomed with the rising Nuzhen tribe.
儘管徽宗有力地鎮壓了兩次大規模的起義，他的朝代註定遭遇女真部落的崛起。There lived in the Changbai Mountains and the Helongjiang Valley the ancestors of the Nuzhen people long before.
很久以前，女真人的祖先居住在長白山和黑龍江流域。The name “Nuzhen” did not appear in historical records until the Five Dynasties Period (907— 960) when it was under the control of the Khitan.
“女真”直到五代時期（907——960）纔出現在歷史記錄裏，那時它受契丹族的控制。In 1115, the great headman of the Nu zhen tribe Wanyan Aguda established a new dynasty ---- the Jin Dynasty and proclaimed himself emperor.
1115年，女真族偉大的首領完顏阿骨打創立了一個新的朝代——金並自立爲帝。Historically, Wanyan Aguda was called as Emperor Taizu.
完顏阿骨打在歷史上被稱爲金太祖。In 1125, the emperor of Liao surrendered to Jin and the state of Liao came to its end.
1125年，遼國滅亡，向金國投降。Then Jin started to invade Northern Song.
之後，金國向北宋（960——1127）進攻。In 1127, Emperors Huizong and Qinzong were deposed, ending the Northern Song Dynasty (960—1127).
1127年，宋徽宗和宋欽宗退位，北宋（960——1127）滅亡。This event was referred to as Catastrophe of Jingkang in the history.
這個事件在史上被稱爲靖康之變。
In the same year, Zhao Gou, the younger brother of Song Emperor Qinzong, ascended the throne in Yingtianfu (today’s Nanjing) after the withdrawal of the Jin troops, and later moved the capital to Lin’an (western Hangzhou City of Zhejiang Province).
同年，宋欽宗的弟弟趙構在金國撤軍後於應天府（今南京）繼承帝位，之後他遷都臨安（浙江省杭州西城）。Zhao Gou still called his regime the “Great Song”，which became known as the Southern Song， and chose the reign title of Jianyan.
趙構仍然稱呼他的政權爲“大宋”並立國號“建炎”，這其實就是我們所知的南宋。
