富士康向社會曬成就 工廠勞動條件有所改善

Apple supplier Foxconn has improved factory conditions since a series of worker suicides drew attention to the company’s labour practices in 2010, but workers still do more overtime than permitted by Chinese labour law, an audit of its operations has found.

對富士康(Foxconn)運營進行的檢查發現，自2010年發生一連串工人自殺、促使外界關注該公司勞工實踐以來，這家蘋果(Apple)的供應商已改善了工廠勞動條件，但工人加班時間仍超出中國《勞動法》允許的範圍。

Foxconn is “not in compliance” with Chinese law allowing only 36 hours of overtime a month, according to an inspection by the Fair Labor Association, a monitoring group brought in by Apple to help the company improve working conditions.

受蘋果委託幫助富士康改善勞動條件的監督組織“公平勞動協會”(FLA)在檢查評估後表示，富士康未能遵守中國《勞動法》有關每月累計加班時間不得超過36小時的規定。

The report comes shortly after labour watchdogs accused another of Apple’s suppliers, Pegatron, of abuses. China Labor Watch said this week that “several workers” in a factory making products including iPhone 5Cs had died recently. Among the dead was a 15-year-old named Shi Zhaokun, who CLW said died of pneumonia at a Shanghai hospital on October 9.

這份報告出爐之前不久，一些勞工監督組織指控另一家蘋果供應商和碩(Pegatron)有違規行爲。中國勞工觀察(CLW)本週表示，一家所產產品包括iPhone 5C的和碩工廠最近有“數名工人”死亡，其中一名工人是15歲的施招鯤。中國勞工觀察稱，施招鯤在10月9日因肺炎死於上海一家醫院。

Apple has said it has sent medical personnel to the factories and found no link between conditions there and the workers’ deaths.

蘋果表示，已向相關工廠派遣醫療人員，但沒有發現那裏的勞動條件與工人死亡有任何關聯。

Electronics suppliers in mainland China have frequently been accused of labour and environmental abuses. Foxconn, which manufactures products for many of the world’s largest electronics brands, first came to the attention of many consumers when a string of workers committed suicide in 2010 driven, some said at the time, by pressure and long hours.

中國大陸的電子產品供應商經常被指在勞動和環保方面違規。爲全球多個電子大品牌代工的富士康，最先引起廣大消費者的關注，因爲2010年該公司發生了一連串工人自殺事件。當時有人稱，這些工人是被壓力和長時間工作逼上絕路的。

More recently, Foxconn, which says its more than 1m workers make it China’s largest private sector employer, said underage interns had worked at one of its non-Apple factories, while Pegatron last year was accused of polluting a river near Shanghai.

擁有逾100萬工人的富士康，堪稱中國民營部門中的最大僱主。該公司今年早些時候承認，旗下一家工廠（該廠並不生產蘋果產品）曾有未成年的實習生在工作。和碩去年則被指污染了上海附近的一條河流。

Many labour watchdogs and factory inspectors say such violations are common among many manufacturers in China, as factories’ slim margins encourage cost-cutting and government enforcement of its regulations can be lax.

不少勞工監督組織和工廠檢查人員表示，此類違規行爲在中國衆多製造業企業中相當常見。微薄的利潤率促使工廠以不正當方式削減成本，而政府對法規的執行可能不力。

FLA’s report is its final verification that Foxconn, also known as Hon Hai Precision Industries, is adhering to earlier agreed plans to improve conditions. Although overtime remains a problem, the company made progress on reducing hours and improved factory facilities by building additional exits and toilets.

公平勞動協會的報告是其對富士康——亦稱鴻海精密(Hon Hai Precision Industries)——的最終鑑定結果，證明該公司遵守了早先達成的改善勞動條件的計劃。雖然加班超標仍是一個問題，但該公司在縮短工作時間和改善工廠設施（建造了更多出口和衛生間）方面取得了進展。

After this, FLA said, it “expects . . . Apple will continue to monitor compliance at Foxconn.”

公平勞動協會稱，今後，它“預期……蘋果將繼續監督富士康的合規情況”。

In a statement, Apple said the average workweek at Foxconn and its other suppliers was 53 hours, below the 60-hour limit in the brand’s code of conduct.

蘋果在一份聲明中表示，富士康和其他供應商每週平均工作時間爲53小時，低於該品牌《行爲準則》規定的60小時上限。

“We will continue to provide transparency by reporting working-hours compliance each month on our website,” Apple said.

“我們將繼續提供透明度，每月在我們的網站上報告工作時間合規情況，”蘋果表示。

Limiting overtime is a particularly challenging issue in Chinese factories as many workers prefer overtime as a way to improve their often low base pay.

在中國的工廠裏，限制加班時間是一件特別具有挑戰性的事情，原因是有許多工人願意加班，視其爲提高自己收入的一種手段。這些工人的基本工資往往較低。