像搭積木一樣蓋高樓的中國企業家
China’s 322nd richest citizen eats just one meal a day, at 7pm, which possibly explains Zhang Yue’s extreme bad temper as he sits down for an interview in the early afternoon.
中國富豪中排名第322位的張躍，每天只在晚上7點吃一頓飯，這或許可以解釋他在午後不久接受採訪時爲什麼脾氣那麼差。
Then again, his anger and impatience could also be prompted by questions about his long-thwarted ambition to build the world’s tallest skyscraper.
再者，他多年來未能一償建造世界最高樓的抱負，與此相關的問題可能也激起了他的怒火和不耐煩。
“Of course we will build our sky city,” he says, referring to the 838m-tall building he wants to construct using prefabricated steel sections that fit together like Lego bricks.
“我們當然要建造天空城市，”他說，指的是想要像拼裝樂高(Lego)積木那樣利用預製鋼組件建造一座高達838米的摩天大樓。
His plan is to build it near where we are sitting in his dimly lit office on the outskirts of Changsha, a smallish provincial Chinese city with a population of 5.3m.
他計劃在自己位於長沙郊區、燈光昏暗的辦公室（我們就是在這裏採訪他）附近建造這座摩天大樓，長沙是一個人口530萬、規模不大的省會城市。
The building has been delayed since Mr Zhang broke ground in 2013, thanks to “people who intervened and made trouble, [government] leaders who were scared and other people who meddled and ruined our plans,” he says.
這個項目2013年剛破土就停工了，因爲“有人阻攔，（政府）領導擔心，還有人從中作梗，破壞我們的計劃，”他說。
Chinese media say Mr Zhang’s plan for a structure 10m taller than the world’s record-holder — the Burj Khalifa in Dubai — was put on hold because of concerns about the safety of his proprietary technology, which he claimed would allow him to complete construction in only 90 days.
中國媒體稱，張躍建造比目前全球第一高樓——迪拜哈里法塔(Burj Khalifa)——高10米的摩天大樓的計劃被叫停，是因爲有關方面擔心其專有技術的安全性。張躍聲稱，該技術可以讓他在短短90天內蓋完這座大樓。
Throughout the first half of the interview, Mr Zhang barely looks up from his smartphone and when he does he closes his eyes and punctuates his speech with long pauses.
採訪的前半程，張躍的眼睛基本上沒有離開過自己的手機，而當他擡頭時，就閉目養神，長時間不吭聲。
Several times during our meeting he declares the interview over before ignoring his own pronouncement. But despite his rudeness it is hard not to be impressed by Mr Zhang’s vision to overhaul and dominate the global construction industry.
在我們會面期間，他多次宣佈採訪結束，但隨後他又忽略自己說的話。雖然他舉止無禮，但他想要改革全球建築行業併成爲領軍企業的志向很難不給你留下深刻印象。
“Construction is one of the most polluting of all industries but I can make the most environmentally sound buildings for half the price and 10 times the speed of anyone else,” Mr Zhang says.
“建設業是污染最嚴重的行業之一，但我能夠以別人一半的造價、10倍的速度建成最環保的建築，”他說。
He believes his company, Broad Group, which he founded in the late 1980s making boilers and air-conditioning units, and where he remains chairman and CEO, will eventually control 30 per cent of the global construction industry with its revolutionary but largely unproven technology.
他相信，憑藉其革命性（但基本上未經檢驗）的技術，遠大科技集團(Broad Group)最終將控制全球30%的建築市場。張躍在上世紀80年代末創建了這家制造鍋爐和空調設備的企業集團，目前仍擔任集團董事長兼總裁。
“People say I’m crazy but this does not surprise me since they said that when I first started making air conditioners too,” he says.
“人們說我瘋了，我不覺得奇怪，當初我開始造空調時他們也這麼說，”他說。
Born in Changsha in 1960, Mr Zhang was unable to attend school until he was nine years old thanks to the Cultural Revolution, which temporarily shut down most schools in the country.
張躍1960年出生在湖南，由於文化大革命導致中國大多數學校都暫時停課，他直到9歲才上學。
When the Cultural Revolution ended in 1976, university entrance exams were restarted and Mr Zhang was accepted to an academy to study fine art. As if to prove his education did not go to waste, Mr Zhang stops the interview, pulls out a pen and paper and sketches his interviewer, eliciting enthusiastic applause from several staff lurking in the back of his dimly lit office.
1976年文革結束，高考恢復，張躍被一家專科學校錄取，學習美術專業。彷彿爲了證明自己的專業沒有荒廢，他停下談話，拿出紙筆，給我畫了一張素描，燈光昏暗的辦公室裏坐在後面的幾個工作人員對此抱以熱烈的掌聲。
After working as a librarian and teaching drawing at primary school, Mr Zhang started a home renovations company before establishing Broad Group with his brother in 1988 to provide boilers for newly built factories.
他先後做過圖書管理員、美術老師，開過一家室內裝潢公司，之後和自己的弟弟在1988年創立了遠大集團，爲新建工廠提供鍋爐。
“I just wanted to make money and I had no ideals,” he says. With factories springing up across the country, Broad’s industrial air conditioning units proved hugely popular and Mr Zhang soon became one of the country’s richest business people — his wealth is estimated at about $1.5bn.
“我過去只想賺錢，沒有什麼理想，”他說。隨着全國各地的工廠雨後春筍般出現，遠大生產的工業空調設備深受市場歡迎，張躍很快便成了了中國最富有的商人之一——目前他的財富估計約爲15億美元。
He was one of the first people in China to buy a private jet. At one point he personally owned seven aircraft but after an epiphany about 15 years ago he decided to protect the environment and tackle climate change instead.
他是中國最早買私人噴氣式飛機的人之一。他一度擁有7架飛機，但約15年前一場大徹大悟讓他決定轉向保護自然環境、應對氣候變化問題。
“Private jets are really very polluting so now I only have three,” he explains. “I was killing 16 trees every week.”
“私人飛機真的對環境非常不好，所以我現在只剩三架了，”他解釋說，“我過去每週的消耗相當於砍掉16棵樹。”
A desire to mitigate the shocking environmental degradation he saw all around him in China led him to enter the construction industry and establish a subsidiary, Broad Sustainable Building, in 2009.
他希望減緩中國令人觸目驚心的環境退化，正是這種渴望將他帶入建築業，並於2009年創建子公司——遠大可建科技有限公司(Broad Sustainable Building)。
Although his ambition to build the world’s tallest skyscraper is yet to be realised, Mr Zhang’s prefabricated steel technology has been used to construct about 30 shorter buildings.
雖然建造世界最高摩天大樓的抱負尚未實現，但張躍的預製鋼構件技術已被用來建造了約30棟不那麼高的大樓。
The most prominent example is a 57-storey “mini sky city” built on Mr Zhang’s Broad Town campus on the outskirts of Changsha in just 19 days last year. The time-lapse YouTube video of its construction has been viewed about 2.5m times.
最著名的就是在長沙郊區張躍的遠大城僅用19天就建成的57層的“小天城”。一段記錄這座大樓建造過程的延時拍攝視頻在YouTube上的訪問量達到了約250萬次。
The windows are four panes thick and designed not to open — polluted air from outside cannot enter and internal temperatures can be regulated more efficiently. Residents separate their rubbish into eight different categories via evacuation tubes from each floor.
大樓的窗戶採用四層玻璃，並設計爲無法打開——外面受污染的空氣進不來，樓內溫度可以更高效地調節。樓內居民通過各層安裝的真空管道將垃圾分爲8類。
The rest of the Broad Town campus is a physical manifestation of Mr Zhang’s mix of hubris and environmental evangelism.
遠大城的其他區域鮮明地展現了張躍性格上的狂妄和宣傳環保的熱情。
There is a small forest where animals are allowed to roam, an organic farm to feed company employees, a 40m-high golden Egyptian pyramid, a scale replica of a Versailles-like palace, and dozens of statues of historical figures from Abraham Lincoln to Plato.
這裏有一片動物們可以遊蕩其中的小樹林、一個爲公司員工提供食材的有機農場、一座40米高的金色埃及金字塔、一處仿凡爾賽宮建築以及亞伯拉罕.林肯(Abraham Lincoln)、柏拉圖(Plato)等許多歷史人物的雕像。
A bronze statue of Napoleon on horseback stands in front of the faux palace and Mr Zhang, who is said to be the same height as the French autocrat, is fond of quoting him in corporate handbooks.
一尊馬背上的拿破崙(Napoleon)銅像矗立在山寨凡爾賽宮前，張躍——據稱與這位法國獨裁者身高相仿——非常喜歡在公司手冊中引用拿破崙的話。
All Broad Group job applicants must undergo a week-long military-style boot camp and memorise Mr Zhang’s code of 110 rules, including one requiring employees to “love Broad Group”. Another orders them to brush their teeth twice day.
所有遠大集團的求職者必須經受爲期一週的軍事化訓練，還要記住張躍撰寫的包含110條規定的員工守則，其中一條要求員工“熱愛遠大”。還有一條規定要求他們每日刷兩次牙。
Mr Zhang makes no apologies for his uncompromising corporate culture.
張躍並未對自己嚴厲的企業文化進行辯解。
“This is my personality,” he says.
“我的性格就是這樣，”他說。
“In a very short time I became a very top entrepreneur making air conditioning units and I perfected air conditioning. Later I decided I needed to perfect the environment. You can’t do this without being a perfectionist.”
“在非常短的時間內，我成爲了一個製造空調設備的非常頂尖的企業家，我完善了空調系統。後來，我決定，我需要去改善環境。如果不是一個完美主義者，你就做不到這一點。”
