北京發佈允許租房入學的新政草案
Parents renting homes in Beijing will have an opportunity to send their children to local schools under a government proposal that stands to transform the lives of migrant families whose offspring are currently educated in their hometowns.
根據一項政府新政徵求意見稿，在北京租房的家長們將有機會讓他們的孩子在本地入學。該新政將讓一些外來人口家庭的生活發生重大變化，目前這些家庭的孩子們在他們的家鄉上學。The plan, designed to cool property prices in China’s top cities and avert further pressure on the country’s debt-laden financial system, will remove what is now one of the biggest incentives for migrants to buy rather than rent.
該計劃旨在爲中國一線城市的房地產價格降溫，並避免對中國負債累累的金融體系造成進一步的壓力，它將消除目前外來人口家庭買房而非租房的最大動機之一。Currently, migrants working and renting in Beijing lack a local hukou — the household registration stamp that enables them to use public services such as health and education. Many of their children attend schools in their parents’ hometowns, often thousands of kilometres away.
就目前而言，一些在北京工作並租房居住的外來人口沒有北京戶口——戶口是能夠讓人們使用醫療和教育等公共服務的戶籍登記證明。他們的孩子有很多在往往距北京上千公里以外的家鄉上學。
Alternatively, migrants can secure a Beijing school place by buying a home in the capital and meeting other criteria. This has fuelled property prices in the capital where prices have risen almost 10 per cent over the past year. But under the draft policy, released last week, migrants renting would be eligible for a school place if they meet certain criteria.
或者，外來人口在北京買房並符合其他條件後也可以讓他們的孩子在北京上學。這推升了北京房價——北京房價在過去一年裏上漲了近10%。但按照上週發佈的新政徵求意見稿，外來人口如果滿足特定條件，子女就可以在北京上學。Describing the move as “highly significant”, Shen Jianguang, chief economist at investment group Mizuho Securities Asia, said: “It will reduce the need to purchase at any cost, which will gradually change people’s attitudes and reduce housing speculation.”
投資集團瑞穗證券亞洲(Mizuho Securities Asia)的首席經濟學家沈建光認爲此舉“意義重大”，他說：“它將降低人們不惜一切代價買房的必要性，這將逐漸改變人們的態度，並減少住房投機。”Following several rounds of measures to cool the market, home price growth in China’s major cities has slowed, according to official statistics released on Friday. Prices of Beijing’s commercially-sold residential housing fell 0.1 per cent compared with the previous month, but were still up 9.6 per cent year on year.
上週五發布的官方統計數據顯示，在政府出臺爲房地產市場降溫的數輪措施之後，中國各大城市的房價增長放緩。北京商品住宅價格環比下降0.1%，但同比仍上漲了9.6%。Beijing’s proposal could affect those living in up to 1.5m rental properties — each of which can hold dozens of people in dormitories — according to figures from Lianjia House Agency, one of the city’s top property rental platforms. Officials and analysts describe the market as an under-developed “wild west”.
北京的新政可能影響那些租房居住的人們，據北京最大的房地產租賃平臺之一鏈家網(Lianjia House Agency)的數據顯示，北京有多達150萬套房屋出租，每套房作爲宿舍可以容納十多人居住。官員們和分析師們將這一市場描述爲發展不足的“狂野西部”。Of the capital’s 22m residents, two-thirds lack the coveted hukou status that gives them full rights as citizens — most importantly, access to state pensions, public hospitals and local schools.
在北京的2200萬居民當中，三分之二沒有令人羨慕的戶口，這讓他們無法享受本地市民的全部權利，其中最重要的是領取養老金、享受醫保以及在當地入學。
Although attempts have been made to reform the hukou system, major cities have previously been exempted. Instead, Beijing has been tough on migrants, seeing them as overcrowding the city, recently launching a population-capping policy that was designed to chase out migrant workers.
儘管政府已經努力改革戶口制度，但這些措施早先沒有在主要城市推行。實際上，北京對外來人口非常嚴厲，認爲他們導致城市過度擁擠，最近還發布了旨在驅逐外來務工人員的人口上限政策。Across China, 250m migrant workers are locked out of local public services by the hukou system, meaning that millions of children must live far from their parents.
在中國各個城市，2.5億外來務工人員因戶口制度而無法享受當地的公共服務，這意味着數百萬兒童無法與他們的父母生活在一起。Last month the national government issued a statement naming 12 pilot cities for testing out pro-rental policies, and also urged state-owned enterprises to fund and establish more home rental companies.
上月，中國政府發佈文件，選取了12個城市作爲住房租賃試點，同時還敦促國有企業提供融資並設立更多的住房租賃公司。Following the national announcement, Guangzhou, a manufacturing hub in south China, recently issued a similar rental policy to Beijing’s, helping migrant workers who rent.
在中央政府發佈文件之後，華南地區的製造業中心廣州最近發佈了類似於北京的住房租賃政策，幫助外來務工人員租房居住。
