調查顯示美國人評估宗教暴力時持雙重標準

Following Wednesday's attack on Paris-based satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo, many Muslims found themselves in the spotlight once again, forcedto apologize for a crime they had nothing to do with.

自從巴黎查理週刊遇襲事件後，許多穆斯林發現他們再次被推到了聚光燈之下，被迫爲與他們毫無關係的一起犯罪事件負責。

Such is typically not the case for acts of violence perpetrated by other religious groups, and a 2011 Public Religion Research Institute (PRRI) survey may offer a hint as to why thedouble-standard exists.

這是典型的非其他宗教團體所犯的事件。2011年PRRI的調查可以給爲什麼存在這種雙重標準一個提示。

The PRRI survey showed evidence of contradictions in Americans' attitudes toward religious violence. Most notably, 83 percent of Americans said that self-proclaimed Christians who commit acts of violence in the name of Christianity are not really Christians, while 48 percent of Americans said that self-proclaimed Muslims who commit acts of violence in the name of Islam are not really Muslims.

PRRI的調查顯示了美國人對宗教暴力態度上的矛盾。最值得注意的是，83%的美國人表示那些自稱是基督徒卻打着基督教義進行暴力行爲的人不是真正的基督徒；然而只有48%的美國人表示那些自稱是穆斯林卻打着伊斯蘭教義進行暴力行爲的人不是真正的穆斯林。

Republican respondents (55 percent) were more likely than Democrat respondents (40 percent) to say a self-identified Muslim who commitsacts of violence in the name of Islam is really Muslim.

共和黨回答者（55%）相比於民主黨回答者（40%）更可能表示，一個打着伊斯蘭教義進行暴力行爲的自稱是穆斯林的人是真正的穆斯林。

The same report revealed that only 58 percent of American adults view Muslims favorably, and a 2014 Pew report showed that just 38 percent say they personally know someone who is Muslim.

相同的報告也顯示只有58%的美國成年人能親切地看待穆斯林。2014的皮尤報告也顯示只有38%的人說他們個人知道誰是穆斯林。

In an article published at thetime of the study's release, PRRI CEO Robert P. Jones relayed that the double standard was most prominently employedby those who identify asChristian but least likely to appear among millennials. Jones said at the time that the younger generation might "facilitate a resolution of the public's current ambivalence about the place of American Muslims in society," but offered less optimism in an email to HuffPost on Friday.

在這項課題放開後出版的一篇文章中，PRRI的CEO羅伯特P.瓊斯解釋道這種雙重標準是被新千年裏不大可能出現的那些被認爲是基督徒的人主要採用。瓊斯同時也表示年青一代能“促進解決當前的美國穆斯林在社會上的矛盾位置問題”，然而在週五提供給HuffPost的郵件中只有很少人表示了樂觀。

A September 2014 Pew report found that 50 percent of American adults say Islam is more likely than other religions to encourage violence among its followers -- up from 40 percent in 2011,Jones said.

一份2014年的皮尤報告發現50%的美國成年人表示伊斯蘭相比於其他宗教在他們的教義中更鼓勵暴力——相比於2011年的40%，瓊斯說道。

"These recent increases in Americans' concerns about the links between Islam and violence," Jones argued, "suggest that, if anything, these findings about the American double standard on religious violence may understate the size of this gap today."

“最近美國人對伊斯蘭與暴力聯繫的擔憂與日俱增”瓊斯論述道，“這表明這些關於美國對宗教暴力上雙重標準的調查結果或許是被低估了的。