希臘總理接受860億歐元救助方案

Greek prime minister Alexis Tsipras returned to Athens yesterday facing a rebellion within his own government after he accepted the most intrusive programme ever mounted by the EU as the price for a new 86bn bailout to keep Greece in the eurozone.

希臘總理亞歷克西斯•齊普拉斯(Alexis Tsipras，見上圖)昨日返回希臘。作爲新獲得860億歐元救助資金以讓希臘留在歐元區的代價，他接受了歐盟(EU)有史以來提出的干預性最強的計劃，這使他在自己的政府內面臨造反。

Mr Tsipras was set to rely on opposition support to pass a swath of economic reform measures by tomorrow’s EU-imposed deadline or face bankruptcy, as a growing number of far-left MPs voiced opposition to the deal, Greece’s third bailout in five years. The ruling Syriza party’s extremist Left Platform called it a “humiliation of Greece”.

這是希臘5年內的第三次救助方案，越來越多極左翼議員表示反對該協議，齊普拉斯要依靠反對派的支持，以在歐盟設定的最後期限（本週三）內通過一系列經濟改革措施，否則希臘將面臨破產。執政黨激進左翼聯盟(Syriza)中的激進派Left Platform稱該協議是“希臘的恥辱”。

The leader of the Independent Greeks, the rightwing coalition partner, also said that his party could not agree to the accord, calling it a “coup by Germany” and its hardline eurozone allies.

作爲激進左翼聯盟的聯盟夥伴，右翼的“獨立希臘人”(Independent Greeks)的領袖同樣也表示，他所屬的政黨不可能同意這項協議，稱其爲“德國（及其強硬的歐元區盟國）發起的偷襲”。

The agreement eased the greatest crisis facing the EU and its eurozone core, fending off at least for now Greece’s exit from the single currency.

這項協議緩解了歐盟和歐元區核心國面臨的最大危機，至少暫時阻止了希臘退出單一貨幣。

But the deal was reached only after a fraught 17-hour summit of eurozone leaders that pitched Mr Tsipras against German chancellor Angela Merkel. Officials said that “Grexit” appeared imminent near 6am on Monday, when both prepared to walk away from talks, convinced that no deal was possible.

但這項協議是在歐元區各國領導人進行了充滿焦慮的17個小時的峯會後才達成的，齊普拉斯和德國總理安格拉•默克爾(Angela Merkel)在會上針鋒相對。官員們表示，週一早上近6點的時候，“希臘退歐”似乎即將成爲現實，齊普拉斯和默克爾都準備離開談判桌，認爲根本不可能達成任何協議。

Instead, they agreed terms that a diplomat from one German-allied country likened to turning Greece into an economic protectorate, including a plan to place the country’s most valuable publicly owned assets into a 50bn privatisation fund supervised by the EU.

不過，他們最終達成了協議。一位德國盟國的外交官稱他們商定的條款將希臘變成了一個經濟受保護國。條款包括將希臘一些最具價值的公共資產，納入一隻500億歐元的私有化基金，該基金由歐盟監管。

Mr Tsipras accepted plans for a high level of domestic economic supervision by the bailout monitors, including the IMF, and a public administration overhaul overseen by Brussels.

齊普拉斯接受了由包括國際貨幣基金組織(IMF)在內的救助方案監督者對希臘國內經濟進行高級別監督，以及由歐盟監督希臘進行公共行政全面改革的計劃。

He must also implement a list of economic pledges — including an overhaul of the country’s value added tax system and sweeping pension reforms — by tomorrow as a precondition for formal negotiations this week on a financing package to stave off the bankruptcy of the fast-deteriorating economy.

本週三結束之前，齊普拉斯還必須通過一系列經濟承諾——包括徹底改革該國增值稅體制，全面改革養老金——這是在本週對一攬子融資方案進行正式談判的先決條件，該融資方案的目的是阻止希臘快速惡化的經濟陷入破產。

Ms Merkel said that once Greece took steps to legislate reforms there would be an agreement that she could “recommend with full conviction” to the German parliament. French president François Hollande said: “At some point we thought we might lose a member of the eurozone; but Europe would have retreated, we needed to succeed.”

默克爾表示，一旦希臘設法對改革立法，就會有一份能夠讓她“充滿信心地推薦給”德國議會的協議。法國總統弗朗索瓦•奧朗德(François Hollande)表示：“我們一度以爲我們可能會失去歐元區的一個成員，但那樣歐洲將退步，我們當時必須成功。”

Investors welcomed the accord, pushing stocks in Europe up by nearly 2 per cent, but there was no euphoria, reflecting the political obstacles that still lie ahead, not least in Athens. Sovereign debt markets initially rallied before cooling later in the day.

投資者對這項協議表示歡迎，推動歐洲股市上漲了近2%，但市場並沒有一種歡欣鼓舞的情緒，反映出一些政治障礙仍然擺在眼前，尤其是在希臘。主權債務市場一開始出現上揚，但在當天晚些時候回落。

Greek political leaders said the legislation was not at risk of failing because it has wide support of mainstream opposition lawmakers. One EU official said that with Mr Tsipras’s status so unclear, eurozone ministers were likely to wait to see if he survives tomorrow’s vote before finalising a 7bn bridge-financing deal needed so Athens does not default on a bond owed to the European Central Bank yesterday.

希臘政治領袖們表示，立法不存在失敗風險，因爲它得到了主流反對派立法者的廣泛支持。一名歐盟官員表示，齊普拉斯那邊的情況如此不明確，歐元區部長們很可能會靜觀其變，看齊普拉斯能否挺過本週三的投票，之後纔會最終敲定70億歐元的過渡性融資協議，該協議是避免希臘對歐洲央行(ECB)的債券違約所必需的。