歐元區同意將希臘救助協議延長四個月

BRUSSELS — European leaders agreed on Friday to extend Greece’s bailout for four months after weeks of tense negotiations.

布魯塞爾——經過數週的緊張談判之後，歐洲領導人於週五達成一致，同意將針對希臘的救助協議延長四個月。

The deal, reached at an emergency meeting of eurozone finance ministers here, paves the way for Greece to unlock further financial aid from a 240 billion euro, or $273 billion, bailout deal — provided the country meets certain commitments laid out by its creditors.

歐元區財長在布魯塞爾召開緊急會議，達成上述協議，爲希臘進一步獲取2400億歐元（約合1.7萬億元人民幣）救助計劃提供的經濟援助鋪平了道路，但前提是希臘需要履行某些義務，滿足債主的要求。

“I’m glad to report to you that the work has paid off,” Jeroen Dijsselbloem, the head of the Eurogroup of finance ministers, said at a news conference. “We have established common ground again.”

“我很高興地告訴大家，工作已見成效，”歐元集團(Eurogroup)主席耶霍恩·戴塞爾布盧姆(Jeroen Dijsselbloem)在新聞發佈會上表示。“我們再次達成了共識。”該集團成員都是歐元區國家的財長。

The deal is likely to give Greece breathing room. For one, it could help stem flights of deposits from the country’s banks, which have been bleeding money during the standoff between Greece and its creditors.

該協議可能會給予希臘喘息的空間，比如它能在一定程度上阻止希臘銀行存款的外流。在希臘與債主們陷入僵局期間，該國銀行流失了很多存款。

But it will hardly move the country past the worst of its economic and financial troubles. The economy has shrunk by a quarter in the last five years, and unemployment stands at more than 25 percent.

但這很難推動希臘走出最嚴重的經濟及金融困境。在過去五年中，希臘經濟縮水四分之一，失業率保持在25%以上。

The new agreement will also require the two sides to continue to work through their differences.

新協議還將要求雙方繼續解決分歧。

For one thing, Greece will not receive any of a 7 billion installment from the bailout until it has carried out all remaining reforms required by creditors, some of which Alexis Tsipras, the newly elected Greek prime minister, had pledged to roll back. Greece must also show that it is not abandoning austerity measures unilaterally.

首先，希臘在完成債主們所要求的改革的剩餘部分前，不會收到該救助計劃提供的70億歐元的分期支付援助資金。新當選的希臘總理亞歷克西斯·齊普拉斯(Alexis Tsipras)曾承諾縮減其中一些改革。希臘還必須證明，該國不會單方面放棄緊縮舉措。

That means that if Athens moves slowly, it may not get the money for months. Some also questioned whether the new left-leaning government, which rose to power last month on an anti-austerity platform, was actually capable of delivering the changes that Europe is demanding.

這意味着，如果希臘人行動緩慢，他們可能在數月的時間裏無法拿到援助資金。一些人還質疑，上個月憑藉反緊縮政綱上臺的左傾政府是否真的能夠做出歐洲所要求的改變。

“You are asking a people to continue with a long hard grind when they want to do something else,” said Gabriel Sterne, an economist at Oxford Economics in London.

倫敦牛津經濟研究院(Oxford Economics)分析師加布裏埃爾·斯特恩(Gabriel Sterne)說，“這是在要求人們繼續忍受長期的冷酷折磨，而他們希望做點別的事情。”

Still, the agreement represents a breakthrough in the impasse that rattled the markets and raised questions about the future of the common currency zone.

但該協議代表着這場僵局取得突破性進展，這種僵局擾亂了市場，引發了對這個統一貨幣區的未來的懷疑。

The major sticking point has been how closely Greece is prepared to abide by the tough conditions underpinning its bailout loans. For weeks, Greece has pushed to ease the more onerous terms of the bailout.

主要的癥結在於，希臘準備在多大程度上遵守援助貸款計劃的嚴苛條件。數週以來，希臘努力減輕援助計劃中比較嚴苛的條款。

But Germany and other major creditors have insisted that Greece stick with the commitments of its original bailout. Germany, as well as countries like Finland, have been reluctant to risk more taxpayer money by lending it to Greece. Other countries, including Ireland and Portugal, which have hewed to their own austerity-pegged bailout programs, insist that Greece do the same.

但德國及其他主要債主堅持要求希臘恪守最初達成援助協議時做出的承諾。德國和芬蘭等國家不願冒險，將更多納稅人的錢借給希臘。愛爾蘭及葡萄牙等堅持實施以緊縮舉措爲前提的救援計劃的國家則堅決要求希臘採取同樣的舉措。

While the deal was hailed as a victory of sorts by the Europeans and the Greeks, analysts cautioned that what the agreement really does is postpone difficult issues for another time.

雖然歐洲人和希臘人稱讚該協議是一種勝利，但分析人士警告稱，該協議實際上是將難題留給下一次解決。

“When is a deal not really a deal? When it kicks the can down the road and when no one can agree on what was agreed,” said Peter Doyle, a former economist at the International Monetary Fund.

前國際貨幣基金組織(International Monetary Fund)經濟學家彼得·多伊爾(Peter Doyle)表示，“協議什麼時候不是一個真正的協議？當它在擱置問題的時候，當沒人在達成共識的事情上保持一致的時候。”

Mr. Doyle was speaking to the conflicting messages coming out of the two camps. European officials cast the pact as supportive of their view that money can be dispensed only if economic conditions are met. The Greeks, on the other hand, are claiming that the deal is symbolic of their new approach toward Europe, in which they are able to secure easier fiscal terms from Brussels and still get access to crucial funds.

多伊爾是在就兩大陣營發出的相互矛盾的信息發表評論。歐洲官員稱該協議是對他們的觀點的支持，即只有經濟條件得到滿足，纔會分發援助資金。另一方面，希臘人聲稱，該協議是他們對歐洲的新政策的象徵，他們能夠從布魯塞爾獲得不太嚴苛的財政條款，而且依舊能夠獲得至關重要的資金。

Asked at a news conference whether the eurozone’s major powers ignored the wishes of the Greek electorate, Mr. Dijsselbloem said the collective needs of the region also needed to be taken in account. “In the Eurogroup we have to work with 19 ministers who have 19 mandates,” he said, and “we have to reach a joint decision.” Decisions “will always be about money and about conditions,” he added.

在新聞發佈會上被問及歐元區大國是否忽略了希臘選民的願望時，戴塞爾布盧姆表示，該地區的共同需求也需要考慮在內。“在歐元集團中，我們需要與19名財長合作，19名財長有19個要求，”他說，“我們需要達成一項共同決定。”他還表示，這些決定“會一直是關於錢和條件的”。

The next stage of negotiations may prove just as tricky.

下一階段的談判可能會很棘手。

Starting on Monday, Greece must present a list of overhaul measures that will represent a “starting point” for those talks for payments. The country’s bailout monitors — the European Commission, the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund — will then need to assess Greece’s progress before any money is paid out.

從週一開始，希臘必須提交改革措施列表，這將代表着有關援助計劃的談判的“起點”。在提供資金之前，希臘救助計劃的監管機構——歐盟委員會(European Commission)、歐洲央行(European Central Bank)和國際貨幣基金組織——將需要評估希臘取得的進展。

The Eurogroup also decided to put 10.9 billion in bonds, previously controlled by Greece, into a rescue fund that can dispense money only at the request of the European Central Bank. “There is concern here,” Mr. Dijsselbloem said, and shielding the money would avoid any risk of its use by Greece for “the recapitalization or financing of government.” That money should be available only for the recapitalization of banks, he said.

歐元集團還決定將之前由希臘控制的109億歐元的債券注入一項救援基金，只有在歐洲央行的要求下，該基金纔會發放資金。“存在一些擔憂，”戴塞爾布盧姆說，該保護舉措可以避免出現希臘爲了“政府的資本重組或融資”而使用資金的風險。他表示，這些錢只能用於銀行的資本重組。