Airbnb過時了 來看更有範兒的交換空間

Sara Frisk never thought about traveling to Mexico City until a stranger named Pilar Muñoz invited her. Ms. Muñoz, a publicist for designers, lives in a 4,300-square-foot penthouse apartment with glass walls and luscious green views. The home has richly grained wood floors, trim modern sofas and a kitchen island you could sacrifice an ox on.

薩拉·弗里斯克(Sara Frisk)從沒想過去墨西哥城，直到一個叫皮拉爾·穆尼奧斯(Pilar Muñoz)的陌生人邀請了她。穆尼奧斯是一名爲設計師服務的公關人員，居住在一套4300平方英尺（約合399平方米）的頂層公寓中。這套公寓裏有玻璃牆，坐擁令人舒心的綠色景觀，鋪設着紋理豐富的木地板，配備了精緻現代的沙發，還有一個廚房島臺，你甚至可以在上面獻祭一頭公牛。

“If I was going to Mexico, I wanted to be on the water, but that house is completely amazing,” said Ms. Frisk, a graphic designer and design consultant in the West Town neighborhood of Chicago.

“我要是去墨西哥的話，就想去水上玩，但是那套房子太驚豔了。”弗里斯克說。她是一名平面設計師兼設計顧問，住在芝加哥的西鎮(West Town)社區。

She had lost her heart on Behomm, an 18-month-old home-exchange website that has the comeliness of a shelter magazine, with one big difference: Viewers don’t just drool over beautiful properties; they stay in them.

她已經迷上了住宅交換網站——Behomm。該網站已有18個月的歷史，和家居雜誌一樣充斥着精美的圖片，但又與雜誌有一個重大區別：訪客不只是對着美宅流口水；他們還可以入住其中。

Ms. Frisk had planned to travel over Thanksgiving and couldn’t make the timing work for the Mexico City dream loft (she ended up in the Berlin abode of two architects). Now she’s trying to arrange to stay there with a group of friends.

弗里斯克本打算在感恩節出門旅行，但是勻不出時間去墨西哥城的夢幻之屋了 （結果她入住了兩位建築師在柏林的住所）。現在，她正試圖組織一幫朋友跟她一起住到那去。

“It feels a lot more spontaneous planning a vacation around the home than doing all the research about where you want to go,” she said.

“我覺得，以住處爲中心來計劃旅行，比漫無目的地研究自己想去哪兒要自然多了。”她說。

Like other home-swapping sites, Behomm (pronounced “be HOME”) allows its members to trade properties, simultaneously or at different times. No money changes hands, as with Airbnb. The conditions for bartering are worked out in advance, and the reciprocal arrangement helps visits run smoothly.

和其他住宅交換網站一樣，Behomm（發音爲“be HOME”，寓意賓至如歸）允許會員交換房屋，無論是同時還是錯時。在此過程中沒有金錢易手，就和Airbnb的模式一樣。以物易物的條件已經預先制定，而互惠互利的安排有助於創造良好的入住體驗。

Arriving at their destination, guests may find wine chilling in the refrigerator, a car at their disposal and a pet waiting to be fed. The principle is mutually assured protection: Do unto another’s B&B Italia sofa as you would have someone do unto yours.

到達目的地以後，客人可能會發現酒水已經放入冰箱冰鎮，有一輛汽車可供使用，有一隻寵物嗷嗷待哺。交換住宅的原則是基於共識的保護：你要愛護別人家的B＆B Italia（意大利傢俱品牌——譯註）沙發，正如你希望別人愛護你家中的物品一樣。

What makes Behomm different (and a likely harbinger of home-exchange sites to come) is its peer-to-peer network. All its members are visual artists, designers or allied professionals. To join, they must work in one of 98 creative disciplines listed on the application, from animator to window dresser.

Behomm的與衆不同之處在於它的同類人圈子（這或許代表着住宅交換網站未來的發展趨勢）。所有會員都是視覺藝術工作者、設計師或同類的專業人士。要想加入會員，申請者的職業必須在網站列出的98個創新門類之內，包括動畫師、櫥窗設計師等等。

And they must have a great-looking place. The landing page at behomm­ features, among other beauties, a fashion designer’s Danish beach cottage, a photographer’s 1920s Milanese flat and an architect couple’s rustic (but not really) house in the Iron Horse neighborhood of Tucson.

而且，申請者必須擁有一個漂亮的住處。在的登錄頁面上，該網站主打的特色美宅包括：一位時裝設計師在丹麥海邊的小木屋、一位攝影師在米蘭的上世紀20年代公寓，以及一對建築師夫婦在圖森(Tucson)鐵馬(Iron Horse)社區的原木（並非真木）住宅。

Given the expertise of Behomm’s members, such stylishness is almost a foregone conclusion. Or so the founders believe.

鑑於Behomm會員所具備的專業素養，他們能提供如此有品味的住宅，幾乎也是必然的結果。或者說，網站的創始人就是這麼認爲的。

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Behomm was created by Eva Calduch and Agust Juste, both 48-year-old graphic designers in Barcelona, Spain. The couple, longtime home exchangers, had become tired of slogging through the tens of thousands of entries on popular sites like HomeExchange­.

Behomm的創始人是伊娃·卡爾杜奇(Eva Calduch)和奧古斯特·胡斯特(Agust Juste)都是西班牙巴塞羅那的平面設計師，現年48歲。這對夫妻長期以來經常與人交換住房，他們厭倦了在這類大衆網站上，從成千上萬的房源裏大海撈針。

“We were wasting hours and hours,” Ms. Calduch said. Then one day they found an architect’s stunning apartment overlooking a seaport on the Balearic island of Minorca and realized that they ought to concentrate on the residences of their peers.

“我們浪費了大把的時間，”卡爾杜奇說。後來有一天，他們從一位建築師那裏發現了一套令人驚豔的公寓，從屋裏就可俯瞰巴利阿里羣島(Balearic island)的米諾卡島(Minorca)上的一個海港。由此，他們意識到，以後應該專門從同行那裏尋找住處。

They began swapping with landscape architects, photographers and interior designers, and a network started, one that became the foundation of Behomm.

他們開始與景觀設計師、攝影師和室內設計師交換房屋，一個網絡漸漸成型，爲Behomm打下了基礎。

The first 300 people to join were offered free lifetime memberships (like many home-exchange sites, Behomm charges annual dues). Even now, new members have a year’s free trial before they pay a fee of 95 euros (about $113).

前300名加入會員的人，都被免費授予了終身會員資格（和許多住宅交換網站一樣，Behomm也收取年費）。即使是現在，新會員也有爲期一年的免費試用期，試用期滿後便需支付95歐元（約合113美元，人民幣702元）的費用了。

The site has some 1,200 members, with Spain and the United States supplying the most — about 200 each. The locations are as far-flung as Bali and Florianópolis, Brazil. Even Japan has four subscribers. (A remarkable number, Ms. Calduch said, considering that a Japanese colleague told her, “We don’t even invite friends over.”)

Behomm網站大約有1200名會員，其中以西班牙和美國的會員爲主——兩國人數均爲200人左右。用戶的分佈遠至巴厘島和巴西的弗洛里亞諾波利斯(Florianópolis)。就連日本也有四位用戶（卡爾杜奇說，這個數字很可觀，畢竟，一位日本同事曾經告訴她，“我們甚至連朋友都不邀請過來住的。”）。

Around 10 to 20 percent of applications are rejected, often because the homes are shown to be messy or dirty. As for the rest, choices are based on “subjective aesthetics,” in Ms. Calduch’s words. Those decisions have nothing to do with size or luxury, she added: “A tiny place with very little can be nicer or more tasteful than a castle.”

大約有10%到20%的申請會遭到拒絕，這往往是因爲申請者展示的住宅顯得髒亂。至於其他原因，用卡爾杜奇的話說，取捨標準是基於“主觀美學”，與房子的大小或豪華程度無關。卡爾杜奇還說：“樸實的彈丸之地也可能比一座城堡更好、更有品味。”

Nathalie Golliet, a designer in Paris who organizes culinary events, was one of the first to join. “I remember well, because I have the number 26,” she said.

巴黎設計師娜塔莉·戈列(Nathalie Golliet)經常籌辦美食活動，她是第一批加入的會員。 “我記得很清楚，因爲我的編號是26號。”她說。

She has made four swaps since becoming a member, including one in Marrakesh, Morocco, with Françoise Lefebvre, who shares her interest in food.

自從成爲會員後，她交換過四次房子，其中有一次換到了位於摩洛哥馬拉喀什(Marrakesh)的房子，業主是弗朗索瓦·列斐伏爾(Françoise Lefebvre)，她和戈列一樣對美食感興趣。

Each woman was impressed with the other’s well-equipped kitchen. Ms. Golliet even learned how to prepare Moroccan dishes from a cook Ms. Lefebvre sent over while Ms. Golliet was staying at her house.

兩個人都對彼此設備齊全的廚房印象頗深。戈列甚至從列斐伏爾派來照顧她起居的廚師那裏，學會了如何烹製摩洛哥菜。

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Behomm is not the only home-exchange network to streamline its membership. A site called Seniors Home Exchange is limited to people older than 50. The rationale is that this age group isn’t hampered by school-age children with disruptive vacation schedules. What’s more, the site insists, “Our experience has been that mature people tend to take better care of things when they are not theirs.”

Behomm並不是唯一一個給會員設立門檻的住宅交換網站。一個名爲“老人住宅交換”(Seniors Home Exchange)的網站將會員年齡限定在50歲以上。理由是，這個年齡段的人不會被學齡兒童混亂的假期安排所困擾。更重要的是，該網站堅持認爲，“依照我們的經驗，成熟人士更懂得愛護別人的東西。”

Trust is fundamental to home exchange, and it is easier to come by in small communities with common interests.

在住宅交換的問題上，信任是至關重要的。志同道合的小羣體更容易達成信任。

Arun Sundararajan, a professor at the Stern School of Business at N.Y.U., who researches the digital sharing economy, said social media platforms like Facebook and LinkedIn, and tools that verify one’s real-life identity, now allow us to vouch for a person’s credibility and good intentions.

阿倫·孫達拉拉詹(Arun Sundararajan)是紐約大學斯特恩商學院(Stern School of Business)的教授，研究數字共享經濟。他說，如今，Facebook和領英(LinkedIn)這類社交媒體平臺，以及一些驗證個人真實身份的工具，都能夠讓我們爲一個人的信譽和善意擔保。

Trust can be cultivated even in high-stakes situations like “letting a stranger into your bedroom,” he said, or in the case of long-distance ride-sharing programs like carpooling­, “letting a stranger drive you to a strange city.” This makes the time ripe for a peer-to-peer home-swapping venture that draws new people in.

孫達拉拉詹說，信任是可以培養的，即使在高風險的情況下，比如“讓陌生人進入你的臥室”，或是像這類長途搭車項目，“讓一個陌生人開車送你去一個陌生的城市”。這就促使了創建同類人羣住宅交換項目的時機成熟，吸引着新人的加入。

For their part, Behomm’s members spoke of the comfort they found in their intimate network, the novelty of stepping into one another’s shoes and the value of acquaintances that bloom into friendships or business opportunities.

就Behomm的會員而言，他們談及自己在這個親密的小圈子裏體會到的舒服自在；還有住在他人家中體會到的新奇感；以及從與人結交中發展出來的友誼或業務機遇。

“It goes way beyond sharing a home — you share your lives,” said Alex Trochut, a graphic designer and illustrator who lives in New York and Barcelona. Mr. Trochut described the Behomm experience as the “very opposite of Airbnbn, because you feel entitled to things when you pay for them. This is about giving and not receiving.”

“這遠非共享住宅那麼簡單——你還分享了自己的生活經歷，”亞歷克斯·特羅許(Alex Trochut)說。特羅許是一名平面設計師、插畫師，現居紐約和巴塞羅那。他表示，Behomm給人的體驗和Airbnb“截然相反，因爲如果一樣東西是需要付錢的，你就會覺得這是自己應得的。而在Behomm，你所做的就是不計回報地給予。”

Can it really be that good? Ms. Calduch said that she has refereed only two small conflicts in the last year and a half. One involved cleaning. “There was a misunderstanding,” she recalled. The other had to do with confusion over which of a member’s multiple homes was being offered.

Behomm真的有他說的那麼好嗎？卡爾杜奇說，在這一年半里，她只調解過兩次小矛盾。其中一次事關房屋的清潔問題。“他們之間有些小誤會。”她回憶道。另一次的起因是，其中一方搞不清楚對方與他交換的是哪套住宅（對方有多套住宅）。

To fend off squabbles, she supplies forms that allow users to specify all the terms for an exchange, including stipulations for purging cat hair and sharing toys. Still, conversations with some Behomm members suggested ample room for dispute.

爲避免紛爭，她提供了表格，讓用戶列明某次交換的全部條件，包括清理貓毛和分享玩具的具體規定。儘管如此，通過採訪一些Behomm會員我們發現，產生分歧的機會還是很多。

For instance, Wendy Rommers and her husband, Bas van Schelven, often swap their primary residence near Amsterdam, which is a houseboat.

舉個例子，溫迪·羅默斯(Wendy Rommers)和丈夫巴斯·凡·謝爾萬(Bas van Schelven)經常交換他們靠近阿姆斯特丹的主要居住地，那是一座船屋。

Ms. Rommers, who is a multidisciplinary designer (Mr. van Schelven owns the company that makes the boats), said that the vessel doesn’t have particular maintenance needs, though she advises keeping the water running on freezing nights. As for safety, there are life jackets, “and things you can throw into the water” that a drowning person might grasp. She made no mention of liability insurance.

羅默斯是一位跨領域的設計師（而凡·謝爾萬掌管着一家造船公司），她表示，這艘船並沒有特別的維護需求，只不過她建議，在嚴寒的夜裏要保持水的流動狀態。至於安全問題，屋裏備有救生衣，“還有一些可以扔到水裏的東西”，以供溺水者抓住。她沒有提到責任保險。

Indeed, one of the few negative anecdotes came from Mr. Trochut, and he was the cause of havoc. While he and a girlfriend were staying in Copenhagen in 2008, his companion had an asthma attack that put her in the hospital.

事實上，在Behomm屈指可數的幾件負面軼事中，有一件的當事人就是特羅許，而且，他還是罪魁禍首。2008年，他和一位女朋友在哥本哈根逗留期間，他的同伴因哮喘發作住了院。

His hosts were so helpful in advising the couple on medical care that Mr. Trochut decided to repay them by washing the bed linens. Eager to finish before they returned home, he set the washer at the highest speed, which produced vibrations that caused the machine to tumble onto the adjacent bathroom sink, crushing the perfume bottles lined up there.

他的房東爲兩人就醫提供了很大幫助，特羅許決定清洗亞麻牀單來報答他們。由於急於在房東歸來前完成洗滌，他將洗衣機的轉速設在了最高檔，誰知由於振動太猛，機器翻倒在旁邊的浴室盥洗池上，將那裏一字排開的香水瓶擊碎了。

Mr. Trochut discovered the carnage just as his hosts walked in. “We got to an agreement,” he said. “I paid for everything.”

特羅許在發現這一慘狀時，房東剛好進門。“我們達成一個協議，”他說，“東西都由我賠。”