這些工作最不利於肺部健康大綱
Healthy lungs
健康的肺Work-related lung problems are unfortunately quite common. Experts estimate that up to 17% of adult asthma in the U.S. may be caused by work exposure, and even when the condition is not due to work, an estimated 22% of adults see their asthma symptoms worsened in the workplace.
不幸的是，與工作有關的肺部疾病相當普遍。專家估計，17%的美國成年人哮喘案例是由於工作接觸造成的，即使這種狀況不是由工作所致；專家估計22%的成年人的哮喘症狀在工作場所變得惡化。Thankfully, most types of occupational lung disease are preventable, says Philip Harber, MD, professor in the department of community, environment, and policy at the University of Arizona Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health. "Simple control measures can markedly reduce exposure and the risk," he says.
幸運的是，大多數類型的職業性肺部疾病都是可以預防的，亞利桑那大學梅爾和伊尼德扎克曼公共衛生學院的社區、環境和政策系教授菲利普·哈博醫學博士說道。"簡單的控制措施可以顯著的降低危害和風險，"他說。
Here are the fields that can be risky for your lung health.
以下這些領域可能有損你的肺部健康。
Construction
建築業Workers who inhale dust in demolitions or renovations can be at risk for lung cancer, mesothelioma, and asbestosis, a disease that causes scarring and stiffening of lungs. Many spray-in-place insulation products can lead to asthma if exposure is not properly controlled.
在拆遷或翻新過程中吸入粉塵的工人可能患肺癌、間皮瘤和石棉肺，這一疾病會導致肺部產生疤痕、變得僵硬。如果控制不當，暴露於現場噴霧隔離產品中或導致哮喘。Wearing protective gear, including a respirator, when working around older buildings and avoiding smoking (and secondhand smoke) can help.
在老建築羣周圍作業時，佩戴防護裝備（包括呼吸器）、避免吸菸和二手菸可減少危害。Manufacturing
製造業Factory workers can be exposed to dust, chemicals, and gases, placing them at risk for both asthma and COPD. In food plants, diacetyl-a flavoring agent used in microwave popcorn and some packaged snacks-has been linked to a sometimes deadly disease called bronchiolitis obliterans, a close relative of COPD. The good news? Taking some easy steps such as closing the lids on mixing vessels can reduce the potential risks.
工廠的工人可能會接觸粉塵、化學品和氣體，使他們面臨患哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺病的風險。在食品工廠裏，二乙酰--用在微波爆米花和一些預先包裝的零食中的調味劑--與一種有時會致命的、叫做閉塞性細支氣管炎的疾病相關，這種疾病是慢性阻塞性肺病的近親。好消息？採取一些簡單的步驟，比如關掉混合容器上的蓋子就可以降低潛在的風險。Newer materials, such as nanoparticles and ITO (indium tin oxide) used to make LCD screens, introduce novel risks to workers.
用於製造LCD顯示屏的新型材料，比如納米顆粒和氧化銦錫，又爲工人們帶來了新的風險。Agriculture
農業Most aspects of agricultural work lead to significant exposures. For example, many agricultural jobs involve exposure to endotoxin, a product of bacterial growth. Modern animal feeding operations also often put very large numbers of cows, chickens, or other animals in close quarters, sometimes in a single building. In addition to allergic responses, human workers may be potentially exposed to high levels of toxic materials such as ammonia or hydrogen sulfide from manure collection pits. These exposures can even be deadly.
農業勞作的很多方面都會導致重大的風險。比如，很多農業勞作涉及與內毒素接觸，這是一種細菌生長帶來的產品。現代的動物飼養作業往往將很多頭牛、很多隻雞或者很多其它的動物養在居住地旁邊，有時甚至養在單間房屋中。除了過敏反應外，工人們還有可能暴露於高濃度的有毒材料中，比如糞便坑中的氨或硫化氫。這些風險有時會致命。
