這個方法可幫助痛失親人者走出困境

There's a common estimate that every suicide leaves behind six survivors who are the most affected by the death. Not to be confused with suicide attempt survivors, who have taken action toward ending their own lives, suicide survivors or suicide loss survivors are friends or family members of someone who died by suicide. By the latest calculations, six is far too low an estimate; 115 are thought to be exposed each time a suicide occurs.

據估計，一個人自殺後，他/她的6個家人或好友會因爲他/她的離世而備受影響。但不要將其與自殺未遂相混淆，自殺未遂指的是已做出行動，試圖了結自己的性命，但痛失所愛之人的倖存者指的是一個人自殺後留下的朋友或家人。最新數據表明，受親人自殺離世影響的人數可能遠不止6人，更確切的人數可能是115人。

Suicide loss survivors are themselves at an increased risk of mental health conditions and suicide in the future. One study found that people who knew someone who died by suicide in the previous year were 1.6 times more likely to have suicidal thoughts, 2.9 times more likely to make a suicide plan, and 3.7 times more likely to make a suicide attempt.

痛失所愛之人的倖存者本身面臨的心理健康狀況和以後自殺的風險都會有所增加。一項研究發現：若某人的朋友在前一年自殺離世，那這個人產生自殺念頭的可能性會增加1.6倍、制定自殺計劃的可能性會增加2.9倍、試圖自殺的可能性會增加3.7倍。

Family members may be genetically predisposed to suicide, while friends and peers may be influenced by the behavior of a person who died by suicide-or distraught by the "emotional destruction suicide leaves in its wake," says John R. Jordan, PhD, a clinical psychologist in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, and the author of several books and articles on bereavement after suicide.

從遺傳上講，家庭成員更傾向於自殺，而朋友或同伴可能會受自殺者行爲的影響--或者被"自殺所帶來的情緒破壞"而心神錯亂，John R. Jordan博士說道。他是羅德島波塔基特的一名臨牀心理學家，出版過一些有關自殺後喪親之痛的書籍和文章。

Postvention tactics can include professional measures, like therapy sessions or meetings with a support group. But help can also come from family and friends.

可以通過尋求專業幫助，如參加治療小組或支持小組，來緩解喪親之痛。但家人和朋友也可以幫助您。

Be present

陪伴

"Even though this is changing, suicide is still a very stigmatized death," Jordan says. "Losing someone to suicide can be tremendously isolating," he says. Help break down those isolating walls by being there for your friend or family member

"即使情況有所轉變，但自殺仍舊是一種非常丟人的死亡方式，"Jordan說道。"親人自殺死亡後，痛失倖存者可能會變得非常孤立，"他說道。陪伴着家人或朋友吧，幫助他們不再與世隔離。

Kim Ruocco's husband died by suicide in 2005. A Marine Corps pilot, he came back from what she describes as a "pretty difficult deployment" in Iraq with PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Their sons were 8 and 10 at the time.

Kim Ruocco的丈夫於2005年自殺去世。他是一名海軍陸戰隊飛行員，在伊拉克執行任務期間患了創傷後精神緊張性障礙、抑鬱症和焦慮症，所以退伍回到了家中。那時候，他們的兒子一個8歲，一個10歲。

"The people who were most helpful to me could be in my presence and tolerate my pain and didn't have to say anything," Ruocco says. "There are no right words really, but it was really comforting to have someone who can be with you with that much pain."

"對我幫助最大的人是那些陪伴在我身邊，容忍我的痛苦且不會多言的人，"Ruocco說道。"其實，不管說什麼話都是錯的，但有人陪在身邊，陪着我一起痛苦，真的很令人寬慰。"