年辭世的十位中外名人(上)

Gu Fangzhou, a virologist who dedicated his life to eradicating polio from China, passed away at age 92 on Jan 2. "Sugar pills", an oral polio vaccine, developed by Gu reduced incidence rate of the disease by nearly 100 times from 1949 to 1993, saving millions of children from crippling paralysis. "I spent my whole life doing one thing – developing an effective polio vaccine," Gu Fangzhou, once said while summarizing his life. Gu started polio research in 1957 and created the sugar pills attenuated oral vaccine in 1959. According to Gu's biography, in order to test the efficacy and side effects of the vaccine, he administered the vaccine to himself and started the first stage of the human trial. After extensive testing, he took another bold step to administer the oral vaccine to his one-month-old son. This inspired his colleagues to vaccinate their kids. "If we don't believe in what we produce, how can others believe in it?" said Gu while recalling the trial.

病毒學家顧方舟1月2日逝世，終年92歲。顧方舟畢生致力於根除國內的脊髓灰質炎 (小兒麻痹症)。1949年至1993年，顧方舟研製的“糖丸”口服脊灰活疫苗將脊灰髮病率降低近100倍，使上百萬兒童免於癱瘓。在概括自己的一生時顧方舟曾說：“我一輩子只做一件事——研製出了一種有效的脊灰疫苗”。1957年，顧方舟開始進行脊灰研究，1959年製造出口服脊灰減毒活疫苗。根據顧方舟的傳記，爲測試疫苗的功效和副作用，他給自己服下脊灰疫苗並開啓第一階段的人體試驗。在進行大量試驗後，他又採取另一項大膽的行動，給自己一個月大的兒子服下脊灰活疫苗。在他的感召下，顧方舟的同事們也紛紛給自己的孩子服用了疫苗。在回憶該試驗時顧方舟說：“如果我們自己都不相信自己研製的疫苗，怎麼能讓別人信呢？”

Yu Min, a nuclear physicist widely known as the father of China's hydrogen bomb, died on Jan 16 at the age of 93. Yu, together with 99 other Chinese people from different walks of life, won the honorary title of "reform pioneer" at a gathering held in Beijing on Dec 18 to celebrate the 40th anniversary of reform and opening-up. In January 2015 Yu also won China's top science and technology accolade. Yu, a native of Tianjin, earned his bachelor's degree in physics from Peking University in 1949 and then conducted postgraduate research at the school's physics department. He also served as a teaching assistant. He entered the Modern Physics Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and began to study atomic nuclear physics theory in 1951. To address the country's strategic needs, Yu began to conduct theoretical research on nuclear weapons in 1961. For the next 28 years, Yu and his work remained top national secrets.

1月16日，以"中國氫彈之父"而廣爲人知的核物理學家于敏去世，享年93歲。去年12月18日在北京召開的慶祝改革開放40週年大會上，于敏和另外99位來自各行各業的同志被授予“改革先鋒”的稱號。2015年1月，于敏獲得中國最高科學技術獎。于敏生於天津，1949年在北京大學獲得物理學學士學位，之後在該校物理系進行研究生科研工作，還曾擔任過助教。1951年，他進入中國科學院現代物理研究所，開始研究原子核物理理論。爲滿足國家戰略需求，1961年，于敏開始從事核武器理論研究工作。此後28年，于敏和他從事的事業都屬於國家最高機密。

Chinese author Lin Qingxuan died at the age of 65 on Jan 23. Lin, who once used pen names such as Qin Qing and Lin Li, was a celebrated writer, essayist, poet, and scholar, who won numerous prizes and enjoyed great popularity across the Straits. Lin showed his intellect and talent for writing at a very young age. He started his career by publishing articles in local newspapers and won first prize in the Tainan writing competition during his high school days. Lin spent his college years at Shih Hsin University, during which he published his first book, "Lian Hua Kai Luo." Hailed as one of the eight masters of contemporary prose in China, the essay master has published more than a hundred books during his career.

1月23日，我國作家林清玄逝世，享年65歲。林清玄是著名的作家、散文家、詩人和學者，曾獲獎無數，在海峽兩岸均享有很高的知名度，曾用筆名有秦情、林漓等。林清玄很小的時候就展現出寫作方面的天賦才華。上高中時，林清玄便在當地媒體上發表文章，還在臺灣寫作比賽中獲得一等獎，由此開啓他的職業生涯。在世新大學讀書時，他出版了自己的第一本書《蓮花開落》。林清玄被譽爲國內當代散文八大作家之一，他在自己的職業生涯中出版書籍逾百部。

Karl Lagerfeld, the most prolific designer of the 20th and 21st centuries and a man whose career formed the prototype of the modern luxury fashion industry, died on Feb 19. He was 85. Creative director of Chanel since 1983 and Fendi since 1965, and founder of his own line, Lagerfeld was the definition of a fashion polyglot, able to speak the language of many different brands at the same time. In his 80s, when most of his peers were retiring to their yachts or country estates, he was designing an average of 14 new collections a year ranging from couture to the high street, and not counting collaborations and special projects. Lagerfeld never stopped creating. He was also a photographer, whose work was exhibited at the Pinacothèque de Paris; a publisher, having founded his own imprint for Steidl, Edition 7L. A self-identified "caricature," with his dark glasses, powdered ponytail, black jeans, fingerless gloves, starched collars, Chrome Hearts jewelry and obsessive Diet Coke consumption, he achieved such a level of global fame and controversy.

2月19日，20世紀和21世紀創作成就最爲卓著、在職業生涯中塑造了現代奢侈時尚產業原型的設計師卡爾·拉格斐辭世，享年85歲。拉格斐從1983年起擔任香奈兒的創意總監，從1965年起擔任芬迪的創意總監，還創立了自己的品牌，他一直是時尚多語者的代名詞，可以同時用好幾個不同品牌的語言表達時尚。80歲時，他的同齡人大都已經退休，在遊艇上或鄉間別墅裏打發時間，他卻依舊平均每年設計高級定製時裝、高街產品等14個新系列，這還不算那些合作和特別的項目。拉格斐從未停止創作。他同時還是攝影師，作品曾在巴黎美術館展出；他也是出版人，在Steidl出版社創辦了Edition 7L品牌。墨鏡、撲粉的馬尾辮、黑色牛仔褲、露指手套、硬挺的衣領、克羅心珠寶和強迫症般不停喝着健怡可樂，這就是他自己也認同的“漫畫形象”，他享有極高的國際聲譽，同時也備受爭議。

John Havlicek, the eight-time NBA champion and Basketball Hall of Famer, died on April 25. He was 79. Havlicek's death was confirmed in a statement by the Boston Celtics, the team he played with for 16 seasons. The Boston Celtics great whose steal of Hal Greer's inbounds pass in the final seconds of the 1965 Eastern Conference final against the Philadelphia 76ers remains one of the most famous plays in NBA history. Havlicek remains the Celtics' highest scoring member with 26,395 points across his career. He was also a 13-time NBA All-Star, and upon his retirement in 1978, the Celtics immediately retired his number 17 jersey with him. While the NBA legend had been suffering from Parkinson's disease, the statement did not confirm his exact cause of death.

4月25日，8次NBA總冠軍得主、籃球名人堂成員約翰·哈夫利切克去世，享年79歲。哈夫利切克曾效力16個賽季的波士頓凱爾特人隊在一份聲明中證實了哈夫利切克的死訊。1965年在該隊與費城76人隊進行東部決賽結束前的最後幾秒鐘裏，這位波士頓凱爾特人隊巨星截斷了哈爾·格瑞爾的界內傳球，至今這一球仍是NBA史上最著名的截球之一。哈夫利切克也是凱爾特人隊得分最多的球員，他在整個職業生涯中總共得分26395分。他曾13次入選NBA全明星陣容。1978年退役時，他的17號球衣也與之一起退役。雖然這位NBA傳奇球員一直患有帕金森氏症，但聲明中並未證實其確切死因。