女性社會地位體現在職場還是家庭
A woman's place is in the home.
That was the resounding message from Jiang Xipei, chairman of wire and cable conglomerate Jiangsu Far East Holding Group Co., speaking on a women's leadership panel at the summer World Economic Forum in the northeastern city of Dalian.
在中國東北城市大連舉行的夏季世界經濟論壇(World Economic Forum)圍繞女性領導力的討論會上，電線電纜綜合企業遠東控股集團有限公司(Jiangsu Far East Holding Group Co.)董事長蔣錫培顯然想傳達這樣一個信息。'There must still be division of labor, with men working outside and women at home supporting the family,' Mr. Jiang said Friday. 'Women, the career of your husband must be seen as your career,' he said, adding that women can succeed only when men do.
蔣錫培上週五說，現在依然應當有所分工，也就是男人在外面工作，女人在家裏照料家庭。他說，女人，你必須將你丈夫的事業視爲你的事業。他還說，只有當男人成功了，女人才會成功。
The comments represent some of the more traditional, yet still common, societal views of women's roles in China--as well as the uphill battle women face all over the world. Women in China are largely expected to be the caretakers of their families, and many feel societal pressure to focus on finding a husband and having children rather than pursuing careers.
上述言論代表了中國更爲傳統但依舊普遍的有關女性地位的社會觀點，也體現出全球女性在爭取地位的鬥爭中面臨的困難。中國女性被普遍認爲應該擔任家庭的照料者，她們當中許多人面臨着社會壓力，要求她們將重心放在結婚生子上而不是追求事業。A 2012 study from the National University of Singapore's Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy and the New York-based Asia Society found that for every five Chinese men who rise to a senior position in the workplace, only one woman achieves the same level of advancement. Last year, China fell to No. 69 on the World Economic Forum's gender-equality index, down from No. 57 in 2008, due in part to a decrease in perceived wage equality.
新加坡國立大學(National University of Singapore)李光耀公共政策學院(Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy)以及總部設在紐約的亞洲協會(Asia Society)在2012年的一份研究報告發現，當五位中國男性在職場中晉升至高層職位，只有一位中國女性達到同樣的升職水平。去年中國在世界經濟論壇的性別平等指數排名中從2008年的第57名滑落至第69名，這在一定程度上市因爲中國的薪資平等程度被認爲有所下降。Women have seen significant strides in in the last century, with the end of foot binding, and some might argue that more progress has been made in the last few decades: Women's workforce participation rate in China is 74%, one of the highest in the world, according to the forum.
在上個世紀，隨着中國女性不再被要求裹腳，她們的地位顯著提升，一些人可能認爲，過去幾十年中國女性地位有更大的提升。據論壇上的信息顯示，在中國，女性的勞動參與率是74%，爲全球最高水平之一。Yet obstacles remain. He Zhenhong, a female and the president of China Entrepreneur Magazine, said Friday in Dalian that social views create continuously reinforced stereotypes, making it difficult for women to break out of their perceived roles.
然而阻力依然存在。《中國企業家》(China Entrepreneur Magazine)雜誌女社長何振紅上週五在大連說，社會觀點持續產生不斷增強的束縛，使女性難以打破她們被認爲應當承擔的角色。But Rui Chenggang, an anchor for China's state broadcaster China Central Television, disagreed and said while moderating the panel he believes women are acting of their own accord when leaving careers to be with their families. 'They choose deliberately to give up their positions,' Mr. Rui said.
但中國國有電視臺中央電視臺的主持人芮成鋼不同意這樣觀點，他在主持該討論會時說，他認爲女性離開職場迴歸家庭是自願的行爲。芮成鋼說，他們自願選擇放棄自己的工作。Countering that, panel member Cho Yoon-Sun, minister of gender equality and family in South Korea, said many women feel they have no choice but to drop out of the workforce. She said she is working to change the corporate culture in South Korea by urging businesses to add child-care services to offices and pushing to sync school and business hours.
參與討論的韓國性別平等與家庭部部長Cho Yoon-Sun反駁說，很多女性覺得她們別無選擇，只能放棄工作。她說，她正在敦促企業在辦公室增加兒童看護服務，並推動協調學校與企業的時間，進而努力改變韓國的公司文化。At a speech at the forum on Wednesday, Facebook Chief Operating Office Sheryl Sandberg said women's roles in leadership--in China, the U.S. and elsewhere--have stagnated in the last decade. Women are told they are too bossy when they exert themselves as leaders, while men are encouraged when they lead, Ms. Sandberg said.
Facebook首席運營長桑德伯格(Sheryl Sandberg)上週三在該論壇上發表演講時說，在中國、美國和其他地方，過去10年女性在領導領域扮演的角色一直停滯不前。桑德伯格說，當女性作爲領導行使權力時，別人會說她們太專橫，而當男性擔任領導角色時，別人會鼓勵他們。'As women become more successful in their work, they are less liked,' she said, adding that the opposite is true for men.
她說，隨着女性在工作中更加成功，她們更不招人喜歡。她還說，而男性的情況則相反。At the Friday panel, Mr. Rui noted that some female leaders have traits more commonly attributed to men, like being strong and demanding, while others are more gentle and stereotypically feminine.
在上週五的討論會上，芮成鋼指出，一些女性領導人擁有在男性中更常見的特點，比如堅強、要求高，而不擔任領導的女性則更溫和，具有傳統觀念中的女性特點。Ms. He responded to those comparisons by saying, 'Let's just talk about leadership as pure leadership.
何振紅對這樣的比較做出反應說，讓我們僅僅討論純粹的領導力。'When we talk about leadership, we should talk about individuals,' not highlight gender, she said.
她說，當我們討論領導力時，我們應該討論個人，而不要強調性別。Ms. He also said the country could benefit from stronger female organizations that could influence companies and government policies while also including men in the process.
何振紅還說，在讓男性也參與其中的同時，中國可能從更強大的女性組織中獲益，這樣的組織可能影響企業和政府的政策。
