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賓語從句的用法

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賓語從句的用法

賓語從句是名詞性從句的一種。在主從複合句中充當賓語,位於及物動詞、介詞或複合謂語之後的從句稱爲賓語從句。 asked what you were doing last night.

用來充作賓語的句子叫做賓語從句。如:
He asked what you were doing last night. 他問你昨天夜晚在幹什麼。
I didn’t know that he was wounded in the accident. 我原來不知道他在那事故中受了傷。
Can you explain why he didn’t come to the party last Sunday?  你能解釋上週星期日他爲什麼沒有來參加聚會嗎?
在賓語從句中須注意:
1. that 在口語中常被省略,但在正式的文體中,不能省;並且它一般不能引導介詞的賓語從句,但可引導except, but, in 等少數介詞的賓語從句。如:
I didn’t know (that) he was Li Lei. 我不知道他就是李蕾。
I will do anything I can to help you except that I’m ill. 只要我身體舒服,我願做任何事情來幫助你。
2. 賓語從句之後帶有補足語成分時,一般須用it作形式賓語,把賓語從句放到句末,此時的that不能省。如:
The boy has made it clear that they can’t play with his toys. 那個男孩已清楚的表明他們不能玩弄他的玩具。
3. 動詞advise, ask, demand, desire, insist(堅決主張), order, propose, request, suggest(建議)等代的賓語從句須用虛擬語氣,即:(should) do的形式。
He asked that we (should) get there before nine o’clock. 他要求我們在九點鐘之前趕到那兒。
The teacher advised us that we (should) not waste our time. 老師勸告我們不要浪費時間了。
4. 賓語從句的時態與主句的時態須呼應。
1)當主句謂語動詞的時態是現在時或將來時,從句的謂語動詞可用任何所需要的時態表示。如:
He always says that he is our good friend. 他總是說他是我們的好朋友。
When the teacher knows what we have done, he will say that we have done a good deed. 當老師知道我們所幹的事情時,他會說我們做了一件好事。
2)當主句謂語動詞的時態爲過去時,從句的謂語動詞須用響應的過去時。如:
He didn’t tell us he came from Shanghai. 他沒有告訴我們他來自上海。
He said he had read the book. 他說他讀過這本書。
3)但當從句的內容是客觀真理或客觀事實,而不受時間的限制時,即使主句謂語動詞爲過去時,從句仍用一般現在時。
Chairman Mao said that all the imperialists are paper tigers. 毛主席說一切帝國主義者都是紙老虎。
When we were children, we were told that China is in the east of the world. 我們還是小孩子的時候,人們就告訴我們說中國在世界的東方。