初中語法知識點之賓語從句

不少同學都覺得學習賓語從句很難很吃力，不知如何學好。下面由本站小編給你帶來關於初中語法知識點之賓語從句，希望對你有幫助!

賓語從句是主從複合句的一種。主從複合句是由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構成的。

主句是複合句的主體，從句僅僅是主句的一個成分，它從屬於主句，不能獨立。從句在全句中充當什麼成分，就叫什麼從句。賓語從句當中的從句在全句中作賓語。

簡單句She knew the teacher(賓語)複合句 She knew that the teacher had seen the film.(賓從)

1.語序

無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句，賓語從句都必須使用陳述語序，即“主句+連詞+賓語從句(主語+謂語+……)”句式。根據連接詞在從句中所擔任的不同成分，可分爲以下四種：

1)連接詞+謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語。常見的連接詞有： who，what，which等。如：

Could you tell me who knows the answer，please?你能告訴我誰知道答案嗎?

The small children don't know what is in their stockings.這些小孩子不知道襪子裏有什麼東西.

I don't know which belongs to my father.

2)連接詞+名詞+謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語的定語。常見的連接詞有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：

He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他問我們班上誰的書法最好。

The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.老師問我們房間裏有多少人。

3)連接詞+主語+謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語、狀語或表語。常見的連接詞有：who(m)，what，which, how many, how much, when, why, how, where, if /whether(在句中不充當任何成分)。如：

He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi.他還沒決定是否去無錫旅行。

Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?你能告訴我我如何處理這筆錢嗎?

4)連接詞+名詞+主語+謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語或表語的定語。常見的連接詞有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：

Do you know which class he is in ?你知道他在哪個班嗎?

She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她問我是否知道這是誰的鋼筆。

2.連接詞

1)當由陳述句充當賓語從句時，用that引導，that無詞義，在口語或非正式文體中常省略。如：

He said that he could finish his work before supper.他說他會在晚飯前完成工作。

2)當由一般疑問句充當賓語從句時，用if或whether引導，意爲“是否”。如：

I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years.

但在下列情況下只能用whether：

① 在具有選擇意義，又有or或or not時，尤其是直接與or not連用時，往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用)。如：

Let me know whether /if he will come or not.(=Let me know whethe or not he will come)

I don't know whether/if he does any washing or not.(=I don't know whether or not he does any washing.)

I wonder whether we stay or whether we go.

② 在介詞之後用whether。如：

I'm interested in whether he likes English.我關心的是他是否喜歡英語。

We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.

I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我擔心是否傷了她的感情。

③ 在不定式前用whether。如：

He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。

I don't know whether to go.我不知去否。

He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train.他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。

④ whether置於句首時，不能換用if。如：

Whether this is true or not，I can't say.這是否真的我說不上來。

⑤引導主語從句和表語從句時宜用whether。如：

Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能來還是個問題。

The question is whether we can catch the bus.問題是我們能否趕上公共汽車。

⑥ 若用if會引起歧義時，則用whether。如：

Please let me know if you like the book.可理解爲：a. Please let me know whether you like the book.請告訴我你是否喜歡這本書。B. If you like the book, please let me know.你如果喜歡這本書，請告訴我。

3)如果賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句，只需用原來的特殊疑問詞引導。如：

Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?

3.時態

含賓語從句的複合句，主、從句謂語動詞的時態呼應應包括以下三點內容：

1)如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現在時，從句的謂語動詞可根據需要，選用相應的任何時態。如：

I don't know when he will come back.我不知道他將何時回來。

He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來了。

2)如果主句的謂語動詞是過去時，賓語從句的謂語動詞只可根據需要，選用過去時態即一般過去時、過去進行時、過去將來時或過去完成時的某一種形式。如：

①The children didn't know who he was.孩子們不知道他是誰。

②He asked his father how it happened.他問他父親這件事是如何發生的。

3)如果賓語從句所表示的是客觀事實、普遍真理、自然現象或習慣性動作等，不管主句用什麼時態，從句時態都用一般現在時。如：

The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老師說地球繞着太陽轉。

4.注意：

if和when既可以引導賓語從句，也可以引導狀語從句，應注意它們在兩種從句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引導賓語從句時，分別意爲“是否”和“何時”，其時態應和主句時態相呼應;它們引導狀語從句時，意思分別爲“如果，假如”和“當……時候”，當主句時態是一般將來時時，其時態用一般現在時。它們常常放在含有狀語從句和賓語從句的題幹中進行綜合考查。如：

—Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ?你知道他明天什麼時候回來嗎?

—Sorry, I don't know. When he comes back, I'll tell you. 對不起，不知道。當他回來了，我將告訴你。

—I don't know if he will come.我不知道他是否會來。

—He will come if it doesn't rain.如果不下雨，他會來的。

賓語從句的複合句轉化爲簡單句(六種方法)，使其與原句意思相同(或相近)的試題。

方法一：當主句謂語動詞是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise(和主觀決定有關)等，且賓語從句的主語與主句主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化爲不定式結構。例如：

Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.

We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him.

方法二：當主句謂語動詞是know， learn， remember， forget， tell(和記憶認知有關)等動詞，且主句主語與從句主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化爲“疑問詞+不定式”結構。例如：

She has forgotten how she can open the window. →She has forgotten how to open the window.

注：當主句謂語動詞是tell， ask， show， teach等動詞，且後帶雙賓語，從句主語和間接賓語一致時，賓語從句可簡化爲“疑問詞+不定式”結構。例如：

Could you tell me how I can get to the station? →Could you tell me how to get to the station?

方法三：當主句的謂語動詞是order(命令)，require(需要)等時，如果主句和從句的主語不一致，賓語從句可簡化爲“名詞(代詞)+不定式”結構。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. → The headmaster ordered us to start at once.

方法四：某些動詞後的賓語從句，可以用介詞加動名詞(短語)等其他形式簡化。例如：

He insisted that he should go with us. →He insisted on going with us.

The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born. →The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.

方法五：某些動詞後面的賓語從句可轉化爲“賓語+V-ing形式(作賓語補足語)”結構。例如：Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. → Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.

方法六：動詞seem後的賓語從句，也可以用不定式(短語)來簡化，但句型需要進行適當的變化。例如：It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed to win.

除上述方法外，還有一些特殊句式的轉化。例如：

I found that it was difficult to learn English well. →I found it difficult to learn English well.

Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. →Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.

They found that the box was very heavy. →They found the box very heavy