英語語法倒裝句的知識點
倒裝句是我們在讀高中時學到的一個英語語法的知識點，也是一個重點知識。下面是本站小編給大家整理的英語語法倒裝句，供大家參閱!
當主語在謂語前出現時叫順序(the natural order)。在某些情況下，我們可以把謂語成分放在主語前面，這種詞序叫做倒裝( the inverted order)。
倒裝分兩種：配合語法條例的倒裝，叫“grammatical inversion”;配合強調語勢的叫“emphatic inversion”。
語法上的倒裝句是強制性的，包括下列 7 種：
1、疑問句，如：
Can you do it?
How old are you?
When did you know him?
Why did you elect him as captain?
Which of these apples do you prefer?
但疑問代詞做主語時，不必倒置，如：
Who is your English teacher?
What happened last night?
2、表示“願望”的句子，如：
May God bless you.
Long live the king!
3、“There”引導的句子，如：
There are many cars on the road.
There stand some big trees near the river.
There is a security guard outside the bank.
4、感嘆句，如：
How beautiful the flower is!
What a smart boy you are!
5、有連接詞“so, neither, nor”的句子，如：
Tom can ride a bicycle; so can I.
She can't sing; neither can he.
John has never been late; nor have I.
6、省略連詞“if”的條件副詞分句，如：
Were I you, I would not do such a thing.
Should the machine break down again, send it back to us.
Had you worked harder, you would have passed.
7、“as, however”連接的讓步副詞分句，如：
Small as the pen is, it is a powerful weapon.
However busy you are, you should spend some time reading Zaobao weekly.
談過了語法上的倒裝句，現在談強調的倒裝句。
Never have I seen such a wicked man.
On no account must this employee be removed.
Not until he told me had I heard anything of it.
No sooner had I left than the rain came.
Up jumped the puppy.
In came John.
Down fell the rotten branches from the tree.
Out came a woman and her maid.
英語語法倒裝句常見結構及用法完全倒裝把謂語動詞放在主語前面爲完全倒裝。在高三英語倒裝句中，謂語是單個的動詞(即沒有助動詞或情態動詞)，其時態爲一般現在時或一般過去時。在下列情形中出現完全倒裝。部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態動詞倒裝至主語之前。沒有助動詞或情態動詞，則需添加助動詞do、does、did，並將其置於主語之前。
完全倒裝結構及用法
一、具有“地點”意義的副詞、時間意義的副詞，以及能表移動方向的副詞放在句首，句子的主語是名詞，謂語是連繫動詞或表示“位置移動”的單個不及物動詞時，該動詞放在主語前面。如：There goes the bell.
注意：當主語是人稱代詞時，儘管副詞在句首，主謂不倒裝。如：Out they rushed.
二、具有“方位”意義的介詞短語或副詞短語在句中作狀語或表語放在句首，謂語是連繫動詞be，以及表示“位於、存在”或“位置移動”的單個不及物動詞時，該動詞放在主語前面。如：Among the hens is a big cock.
三、作表語的形容詞或分詞放在句首時，連繫動詞放在主語前面[英語語法]。如：Present at the party were the ladies in the big city.
四、全部倒裝是隻將句子中的謂語動詞全部置於主語之前。全部倒裝常見結構有：
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置於句首, 謂語動詞常用be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
2) 表示運動方向的副詞或地點狀語置於句首，謂語表示運動的動詞。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結構的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。
Here he comes. Away they went.
部分倒裝結構及用法
把謂語的助動詞、情態動詞放在主語前面爲部分倒裝。在下列情形中出現部分倒裝。
一、把“so ... that ...”句型中的“so + 形容詞 / 副詞”部分放在句首時，be動詞或助動詞放在主語前面。如：
So frightened was the girl that she daren't move an inch further.
二、用so，neither或nor構成的特殊句型，表示另一人或物也具有和前面提到的同樣情況時，出現部分倒裝。如：
Jim asked the question. So did Lily.
三、把具有“否定”意義的詞語放在句首時，出現部分倒裝。如：
Never shall I forget your advice.
四、注意下面幾種情形的倒裝：
1. “only + 狀語從句”和“not until + 從句”位於句首時，在主句中進行倒裝。如：
Not until the child slept did the mother leave the room.
2. “not also...”連接兩個分句，not only位於句首時，倒裝在not only所在分句進行。如：
Not only were the children moved but also the adults showed their pity.
3. “no ...”句型中的no sooner位於句首時，倒裝在no sooner 主句中進行;“hardly / ...”句型中的hardly位於句首時，倒裝在hardly / scarcely主句中進行。如：
No sooner had I gone in the house than it began to rain.
4. 當if引導從句表示虛擬語氣時，if可省，再把從句中的were，had或should放在主語前面，形成部分倒裝。如：
Had we been present, such a thing would not have happened.
5. 當as引導讓步狀語從句時，參照下面的形式進行特殊倒裝。如：
Proud as these women are, they still look very weak. (作表語的形容詞提前)
Student as he is, he often works in the factory. (作表語的名詞提前，同時省去不定冠詞a)
Hard as she worked, she couldn't support her family. (修飾謂語動詞的副詞提前)
Try as he would, he might fail again. (帶助動詞的謂語動詞提前)
五、部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態動詞倒裝至主語之前。沒有助動詞或情態動詞，則需添加助動詞do, does或did，並將其置於主語之前。
1)句首爲否定或半否定的詞語，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until…,not only…(but also), hardly/scarcely…(when), no sooner…( than) 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
2) so, either, nor作部分倒裝
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won''t go, neither will I.
3) only在句首要倒裝的情況
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
4) as, though引導的倒裝句
as / though引導的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前 (形容詞, 副詞, 分詞, 實義動詞提前)。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
Young boy as he is, he knows a lot about basketball teams.
Hard as it was, they reached the peak of the mountain.
5) 其他部分倒裝
1)so… that 句型中的so 位於句首時，需倒裝。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
2)在某些表示祝願的句型中：
May you all be happy.
3)在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動詞有were, had, should等詞，可將if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主語之前，採取部分倒裝。
Were I you, I would try it again.
常見考法 1. not until 引導時間狀語(從句)時的倒裝;
2. 含so 的句子倒裝與不倒裝的區別;
3. only引導狀語或狀語從句時的倒裝;
4. 虛擬條件句省略If時的倒裝。
誤區提醒
1) Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is
A. man did know B. man knew C. didn't man know D. did man know
解析：答案爲D.否定詞not在句首，要求用部分倒裝的句子結構。
2) Do you know Tom bought a new car?
I don't know, ___.
A. nor don''t I care B. nor do I care
C. I don't care, neither D. I don't care also
解析：答案爲B.句中的nor引出部分倒裝結構，表示"也不"。由 so, neither, nor引導的倒裝句，表示前一情況的重複出現。其中, so用於肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。
3) --- You forgot your purse when you went out. --- Good heavens, ____ .
A. so did I B. so I did C. I did so D. I so did
解析：錯選A。 本題空處不表跟前面情況一樣，只是對上述情況的隨聲附和，所以不用倒裝。正確答案B。
4)Only when the war was over ____ to hometown.
A. did the soldier return B. the soldier returned
C. returned the soldier D. the soldier did return
解析：only 引導狀語或狀語從句時主句要用部分倒裝。此題爲一般過去時，須在主語前加did, 故正確答案爲A。
5) ____ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to see films so often.
A. If it is not B Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not
解析：錯選A。此題關鍵是前後時態要呼應。本題是一個虛擬條件句，根據主句的時態，應該是對過去情況的虛擬，所以往前推一個時態的話，應該是過去完成時。故正確答案爲C。
英語語法倒裝句講解英語最基本的語序是主語在前，謂語動詞在後。但有時由於句子結構的需要或表示強調，就要採用倒裝形式。將謂語動詞完全移到主語之前稱爲完全倒裝，只將助動詞或情態動詞放到主語之前稱爲部分倒裝。強調性倒裝和以so, neither, nor開頭的句子是高考例題的熱點。
(一)倒裝句的意義
1、適應一定的語法結構的需要，主要是指疑問句句型結構的需要。
e.g. May I come in?
Was the People's Liberation Army founded in 1927?
2、爲了強調某一部分，而把這部分放到句首，構成倒裝。
e.g. Never have I been late for school this term.
So early did he come to school that no other students came.
(二)倒裝的使用情況
1、在 “there be” 結構裏，there是引導詞，主語在be後。
e.g. There is a box on the table.
2、在疑問句中。
e.g. Is she singing in the classroom?
What does your mother do?
3、在here, there等副詞開頭的某些句子裏(要用一般現在時態)。如果主語是人稱代詞，主語和主要動詞的詞序不變。(完全倒裝)
e.g. There goes the bell.
Here is an apple for you.
There she comes.
4、重複倒裝句型，用在以so, nor, neither開頭，表示謂語所述的情況也適用於另一個人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用於肯定句，表示“也一樣”、“也這樣”;nor, neither用於否定句，表示“同樣也不，也不這樣”。
e.g. I am watching TV. So is she.
My parents didn't watch TV last night. Neither (Nor) did I.
5、直接引語的全部或一部分放在句首時，主句中的主謂也常直接倒裝。(完全倒裝)
e.g. “Very well,” said the French student.
“Bring me two eggs and a cup of tea, please.” said he.
6、在以never, little, hardly, not only, few, not, seldom等否定副詞開頭的句子中，採用部分倒裝。如不放在句首就不要倒裝。
e.g. Little did he say at the meeting.
Never shall I forget the day when I joined the Army.
比較：I shall never forget the day when I joined the Army.
7、用於以only所修飾的副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句的句子中。倒裝句講解
e.g. Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to wrk.
Only in this way can we learn English well.
注意：如果only後的詞組不是狀語，不需倒裝。
e.g. Only Wang Lili knows this.
8、爲了表達生動，有時把表地點、方位的副詞，如 up, down, out, away, in等放在句首，同時把謂語動詞放在主語之前。若主語爲人稱代詞，主語和謂語動詞的位置不變，只將副詞放在句首。(完全倒裝)
e.g. Away hurried the boy.
Out rushed the girl.
9、在虛擬結構中，條件從句的謂語含有were, had 和should這三個詞是，可省去if，將這些詞移至主語之前。
e.g. Had I time (= If I had time), I would go and help you.
Were I you (= If I were you), I would go abroad.
Should he come (=If he should come), tell him to ring me up.
10、as引導讓步狀語從句時要倒裝(形容詞/ 副詞/ 名詞/ 動詞 + as + 主語 + 謂語)。
e.g. Proud as they are, they are afraid to see me.
Child as he is, he seems to know everything.(child前不加冠詞)
Hard as he worded, he made little progress.
11、用於某些表示祝願的句子裏。
e.g. May you succeed!
Long live the People's Republic of China!
12、So + 形容詞、副詞及such 置於句首時要倒裝。
So happy did he feel. Such was me.
