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小學英語過去式知識歸納

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過去式是英語裏面使用頻率較高的一個知識點,小學英語過去式是小學生要掌握的知識,那麼小學英語過去式的內容有哪些呢?下面由本站小編爲大家整理的小學英語過去式的相關資料,希望大家喜歡!

小學英語過去式知識歸納

小學英語過去式知識歸納

一、概念

表示在的過去某個時間裏所發生的動作或存在的狀態。通常在句子裏找到表示過去時間的詞或詞組。如:yesterday,yesterday morning,yesterday afternoon,yesterday evening,the day before yesterday(前天),last night,last week,last month, last year,a moment ago(剛纔),just now(剛纔), two days ago,a week ago,in 1990等。 如: I went to bed at eleven last night. 昨晚我11:00睡覺。

二、動詞過去式的構成規律

(一)規則動詞的過去式

1、一般情況下,在動詞原形後面加-ed;如:look→looked play→playe d;

2、以不發音e結尾的動詞,在詞尾直接加-d;如:live→lived use→used;

3、以“輔音字母+ y”結尾的動詞,先將 y 改爲i ,再加 –ed;如:study→studied, try→tried fly→flied

4、以重讀閉音節(即輔音+元音+輔音)或r音節結尾,末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞,要先雙寫這個輔音字母后,再加 –ed。如:stop→stoppedplan→planned;

(二)不規則動詞的過去式(後附不規則動詞變化表)

1、改變動詞中的元音;

begin→began drink→drank come→came eat→ate grow→grew run→ran know→knew win→won speak→spoketake→took write→wrote get→got

2、變詞尾的–d 爲–t ; build→built lend→lent send→sent spend→spent bend→bent

3、與動詞原形一樣; cut→cut put→put cost→cost hurt→hurt shut→shut

4、變-ay 爲-aid (少數動詞); say→said pay→paid lay→laid

5、採用不同詞根;sell→sold teach→taught buy→bought

6、其他。如:am/is→was are→were have/has→had do→did

三、句式變化

(一)一般過去時的一般疑問句

1、把was, were放在句首,其餘位置不變。由Was…?引導的一般疑問句,肯定答爲:Yes,… was. 否定回答爲:No,…. wasn’t. 由Were…?引導的一般疑問句,肯定回答爲:Yes,… were. 否定回答爲:No,… weren’t. 如:

(1)I was born in Shanghai. →Were you born in Shanghai?

→Yes, I was. (肯定回答) →No, I wasn’t. (否定回答)

(2)They were in Li Yan’s home last night.

→Were they in Li Yan’s home last night?

→Yes, they were. (肯定回答) →No, they weren’t. (否定回答)

2、在行爲動詞的句子中,要用助動詞詞did來引導,其餘的語序不變。要注意的是,要把行爲動詞的過去式改爲原形。肯定回答爲:Yes, …did. 否定回答:No, …didn’t. 如:

John played computer games last night.

→Did John play computer games last night?

→Yes, he did. (肯定回答) →No, he didn’t. (否定回答)

(二)一般過去時的否定句

1、在表示過去存在的狀態的句子中,相接在was, were的後面加上not。

如:(1)He was in the park the day before yesterday. →He was not in the park the day before yesterday.

(2)We were busy last week. →We were not busy last week.

2、在表示過去的時間發生的動作的句子中,要在行爲動詞的前面加助動詞didn’t.然後把過去式的行爲動詞改爲動詞原形。即:didn’t + 動詞原形。如:

(1)She played the violin last night. →She didn’t play the violin last night.

(2) They swam in the lake yesterday. →They didn’t swim in the lake yesterday.

(三) 一般過去式的特殊疑問句

did … ?(主要是詢問過去發生了什麼事情,注意要把過去式改爲動詞原形。)

We ate Chinese food last night. →What did we eat last night?

e did ?( 主要是詢問過去事情發生的地方。)

They sang and dance in the music room yesterday morning.

→Where did they sing and dance yesterday morning?

+ 動詞過去式 … ?( 主要是詢問過去事情發生的人物。)

Mike and Tom climbed mountains last weekend.

→Who climbed mountains last weekend?

四、句子結構

1、在表示某個時間裏存在的狀態的句子,系動詞用過式was,were構成。如:

(1)I was at home yesterday. 昨天我在家。 (2)We were in the gym just now. 剛纔我們在體育館。

2、在表示過去某個時間裏發生的動作,用動詞的過去式構成。如:

I visited my uncle yesterday. 昨天我拜訪了我的叔叔。

3.各種句式

(1)一般過去時的肯定陳述句:

主語 + 動詞過去式 + 賓語或表語。

He worked in Shanghai ten years ago.

(2)一般過去時的否定句:

a.主語 + didn’t + 動詞原形 + 賓語。 (did + not = didn't)

He didn't do morning exercises yesterday.

b.主語 + wasn’t/weren’t +表語。(was + not = wasn't were + not = weren't)

He wasn't an English teacher ten years ago.

(3)一般過去時的一般疑問句:

+ 主語 + 動詞原形 + 賓語 ?

Did you study English in 1990 ?

+ 主語 + 表語 ?

Was he a pupil five years ago ?

(4)一般過去時的特殊疑問句:

a.特殊疑問詞 + did + 主語 + 動詞原形 + 賓語?

Where did your parents live five years ago?

What did you do last Sunday?

b.特殊疑問詞 + were/was + 表語?

Who was at the zoo yesterday?

小學英語動詞過去式變化規則

1、一般在動詞末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked

2、結尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted

3、末尾只有一個元音字母和一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節,應雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped

4、以“輔音字母+y”結尾的,變y爲i, 再加-ed,如:study-studie

不規則動詞的過去式的構成

1.把動詞原形中的 i 改爲a,變成過去式。如:

begin—began,drink—drank,give—gave,ring—rang,sing—sang,sit—sat,swim—swam

2.把重讀開音節中的 i 改爲o,變成過去式。如:

drive—drove,ride—rode,write—wrote

3.改動詞原形中的aw /ow爲ew,變成過去式。如:

draw—drew,grow—grew,know—knew,throw—threw(動詞show除外,show—showed)

4.動詞原形中的e改爲o,變成過去式。如:

get—got,forget—forgot

5.動詞原形中的ee改爲e,變成過去式。如:

feed—fed,meet—met

6.動詞原形中的eep改爲ept,變成過去式。如:

keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept

7.動詞原形中的eak改爲oke,變成過去式。如:

break—broke,speak—spoke

8.動詞原形中的ell 改爲old,變成過去式。如:

sell—sold,tell—told

9.動詞原形中的an改爲oo,變成過去式。如:

stand—stood,understand—understood

10.以ought和aught結尾,且讀音是〔 :t〕的過去式。如:

bring—brought,buy— bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught

11.以ould結尾且讀音爲〔ud〕的情態動詞過去式。如:

can—could,shall—should,will—would

12.把動詞原形中的o改爲a,變成過去式。如:

come—came,become—became

13.在動詞原形後加d或t變成過去式,並且發生音變。如:

hear〔hi 〕—heard〔h :d〕, say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕,mean〔mi:n〕—meant〔ment〕

14.動詞的過去式與動詞原形一樣。如:

let—let,must—must,put—put,read—read〔red〕

15.不符合上述規律的動詞過去式。如:

am,is—was,are—were,build—built,do—did,eat—ate,fall—fell,feel—felt,

find—found,fly—flew,go—went,have /has— had,hold—held,leave—left,

make—made,may—might,run—ran,see—saw,take—took