高三英語知識點分詞作狀語

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難點形成原因:

1.對在句中作時間、條件、原因還是別的狀語不是很清楚。

2.分不清何時用現在分詞、何時用過去分詞。

解決辦法：

1.理解分詞作狀語時可以轉換成相應的狀語從句。

2.分清何時用現在分詞、何時用過去分詞。

用法講解：

1.分詞或分詞短語作狀語時，可以表示時間、原因、讓步、條件，方式或伴隨狀況。通常可轉換成相應的狀語從句;表示方式或伴隨狀況時可以轉換成並列句或非限制性定語從句。例如：

Putinto use in April 2000 (=When it was put into use in April 2000), the hotlinewas meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.分詞短語作時間狀語

Blamedfor the breakdown of the school computer network (=Because she was blamed forthe breakdown of the school computer network), Alice was in low spirits.分詞短語作原因狀語

Giventime (=If he is given time), he’ll make a fist-class tennis player.分詞短語作條件狀語

Weoften provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, thinking thatall children like these things. (= and think that all children like thesethings.) 分詞短語作伴隨狀語

2.有時爲了強調，分詞前可帶when, while, if, though, as if,unless等連詞一起作狀語，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更連貫。例如：

Whencomparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differenceswithout noticing the many similarities.

Thoughtired, he still continued reading.

3.現在分詞和過去分詞作狀語時的用法比較。

不管是現在分詞還是過去分詞單獨作狀語，其邏輯主語必須與主句的主語一致。分詞作狀語通常可轉換成一個相應的狀語從句或並列句，如果狀語分句或並列句中的謂語動詞爲被動結構，就用過去分詞;如果狀語分句或並列句中的謂語動詞爲主動結構，就用現在分詞。例如：

Whencompared with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem bigat all.

分詞部分相當於Whenthe biggest ocean is compared with the size of the whole earth,主語與分詞是被動關係，所以用過去分詞。

Whencomparing it with the size of the whole earth, we find that the biggest oceandoes not seem big at all.

Whenwe compare it with the size of the whole earth... 主語與分詞是主動關係, 所以用現在分詞。

Facedwith a bill for$10,000(=Because he is faced with a bill for$10,000), John hastaken an extra job.

Wheneverhe was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, alwayssaying the same thing (= and he would say the same thing).

注意：

1.現在分詞有兩種時態：一般式doing和完成式havingdone。一般式通常表示與主句的謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生或無先後;完成式則強調分詞所表示的動作先於謂語動詞所表示的動作。如：

Whilewalking in the street, we met some friends of ours.(同時發生)

Havingwaited in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left hiswallet at home. (“等待”先於謂語動詞“意識到”)

2.分詞的否定式的構成: not +分詞。 Not having received a reply, he decided to write again.