年3月高級口譯聽力真題完整版（含音頻）

Good afternoon, class. I want to start my lecture by telling you a story. Once there was a young woman from Mexico named Consuela, who came to New York to learn English. She got a job at a factory owned by a Chinese. One day as Consuela came to work, her Chinese boss handed her a red envelope. Consuela looked inside and saw 20 dollars. She became very upset and threw the envelope back at her boss! Her boss was shocked. Well, he had given her the red envelope and the money because it was Chinese New Year. And on the Chinese New Year, it is traditional to give money to young, single people for good luck. However, from Consuela’s point of view, he was an older man giving her money in an envelope, which meant that he was asking her for sexual favors. Naturally, she refused to take the money.

Now, what does this story show us? It shows that an action can have totally opposite meanings in different cultures. Every culture has its own rules for what is appropriate and what is not appropriate behavior. And to illustrate my point today, I’m going to give examples from four areas. First, the way people greet each other in different cultures. Second, the way they use names and titles. Third, the way people eat. And finally, the way they exchange gifts.

OK, let’s start with greeting customs—First of all, I’m sure you know that in the United States and in most western countries, greetings often involve some sort of touching, such as a handshake, a hug, or a kiss if people know each other very well. On the other hand, people from most Asian countries don’t usually feel as comfortable touching in public. Although handshakes between business people are common, many Japanese prefer a bow, while people from Thailand, normally hold their hands together in a kind of prayer position. So imagine how embarrassing it would be if an American was invited to someone’s home in Japan or Thailand and she tried to hug the host!

Now, another behavior that differs from culture to culture is the use of names. Have you noticed that Americans are quick to use people’s first names even if they have just met. For instance, visitors to the United States are always surprised to hear employees speak to their bosses using first names. In contrast, people in most other cultures are more formal and prefer to be addressed as Mr. Brown or Mr. Honda, for example. In addition, in some countries, such as Italy or Korea, people like you to include their title or position with their family names, especially if they're university graduates or owners of a business.

Now I want to look at eating customs. I'll talk about the behaviors connected with eating that vary from culture to culture. One of these is the use of utensils. You probably know that people in many Asian cultures use chopsticks but in some countries it’s customary to eat with your fingers. It’s important to be aware of different dining customs. Here is another example. In some cultures, eating everything on your plate is considered impolite. In Egypt and China, you should leave some food in your dish at the end of the meal. This is to show that your hosts were generous and gave you more than enough to eat. However, Americans generally consider a clean plate as a sign of satisfaction with the food.

Finally, what I want to mention today is gift giving, which you may think is a universal custom and there is not much variation from culture to culture. But the rules of gift giving can be very complicated. In USA, if you’re invited to someone’s home for dinner, bring wine or flowers or small item as a present. On the other hand, the Japanese give gifts quite frequently, often to thank someone, such as a teacher or a doctor. In the Japanese culture, gift giving is a very ancient tradition and it has many detailed rules. Another interesting fact about gift giving is that many cultures have strict rules about gifts you should not give. For example, never give yellow flowers to people from Iran, which means you hate them!

【評析】

本文題材對考生來說並不陌生，是老生常談的文化差異。作者先從一個故事引入，再從四個方面（打招呼，稱謂，飲食及送禮）介紹各國不同的風俗習慣。做筆記時，從這四個角度進行歸類，記下關鍵的實詞，相信正確答案就近在咫尺了。

【難詞】
bow n. 鞠躬
address v. 稱呼
utensil n. 餐具
universal adj. 普遍的，通用的Passage Translation E-C 1

Crime can be divided into two main categories, misdemeanors and felonies. A misdemeanor such as pick-pocketing, or something of bad nature is punishable with more than 15 days in prison but less than 1 year. Felonies are serious crimes, such as burglary, robbery, kidnapping and murder. These crimes are so serious that anyone found guilty will spend some time in prison. When a person who commits a crime is courted that person who is called a defendant or the accused go through a legal process. If the person is found guilty, then the judge decides what the punishment should be.

【參考譯文】

犯罪可被分爲兩類：輕罪和重罪。類似扒竊，或者一些不好的行爲習慣會被判處一年以內，15天以上的監禁。重罪即嚴重罪行，例如：盜竊、搶劫、劫持和謀殺。 這些罪行非常嚴重， 因此任何人被認定有重罪都將會在監獄待上一段時間。當罪犯被訴訟到法院改稱“被告”或“被控告者”時，需要走法律程序。如果此人被認定有罪，則由法官判定 處以何種處罰。

【評析】

本篇文章內容爲法律相關的“法言法語”。從結構上而言，依然是歷年來常見的總-分結構。但對於大部分考生而言，不常接觸這類題材，難度較大。尤其是一些法 律專業術語，如：misdemeanors（輕罪） 、felonies （重罪），burglary（盜竊）等。本篇聽譯也提醒各位考生，應儘可能擴大平時的閱讀、聽力背景知識領域，從新聞、法律、文化、經濟等多角度進行積 累。

Passage Translation E-C 2

Culture shock is the term used to describe the experience many people have when they travel to another country. It shows what happens when an individual suddenly experiences the different culture rules of another social group. Culture shock is a complex phenomenon. But I’m going to focus on three main ideas today. First of all, we will consider the reasons why people experience culture shock. Secondly, I will describe the different stages of this experience. Finally, I’ll mention why we have spent so much time and money to study this phenomenon. You might think that culture shock affects, see, only travelers. But that is not the case; in fact cross-culture studies have immersed practical value for modern society.

【參考譯文】

文化衝突，用來形容人們在他國旅行時所形成的不同感受。文化衝突顯示出個人在突然經歷另一社會羣體的不同文化規則時所發生的一切。文化衝突是一種複雜的現 象。不過今天我將主要從三個主要方面展開討論。第一，我們一起來考慮爲什麼人們會感覺到文化衝突。第二，我會講解文化衝突的幾個不同階段。最後，我會提到 我們爲什麼要花費如此多的時間和金錢來研究這一現象。你或許認爲文化衝突僅僅影響旅行者們。但事實並非如此，實際上跨文化研究對當代社會有巨大的現實意 義。

【評析】

文化衝突，用來形容人們在他國旅行時所形成的不同感受。文化衝突顯示出個人在突然經歷另一社會羣體的不同文化規則時所發生的一切。文化衝突是一種複雜的現 象。不過今天我將主要從三個主要方面展開討論。第一，我們一起來考慮爲什麼人們會感覺到文化衝突。第二，我會講解文化衝突的幾個不同階段。最後，我會提到 我們爲什麼要花費如此多的時間和金錢來研究這一現象。你或許認爲文化衝突僅僅影響旅行者們。但事實並非如此，實際上跨文化研究對當代社會有巨大的現實意 義。