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英語習語翻譯必須掌握的絕招

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直譯

直譯不僅能再現原文的意義和語言形式,還能保持其生動形象的比喻和新穎獨特的表達手法,讓讀者體會原習語的風采,同時豐富漢語表達形式。象"條條大路通羅馬"、"特洛伊木馬"等就是通過直譯進入漢語語言併成爲漢語語言的一部分的。一般說來,英語習語如在形、義上與漢語習語全同或是基本相同的常可採用直譯,原習語中的比喻或形象能爲漢語讀者所接受的有時也可以採用直譯。例如:

to be armed to the teeth 武裝到牙齒(該典故出自從前南美的北海岸的海盜,他們除了兩手都持武器外,在牙齒間還要咬一把刀。)

Time is money. 時間就是金錢(比"一寸光陰一寸金"流行)

to shed crocodile tears 掉鱷魚眼淚 as cold as ice 冰冷

to trim the sail to the wind看風使帆

Too many cooks spoil the broth. 廚子多了煮壞湯。

Blood is thicker than water. 血濃於水。

直譯加註法

有些習語直譯後,仍不能把原意清楚準確地表達出來, 就可採用直譯加註釋法。例如:

a bull in a china shop公牛闖進瓷器店──肆意搗亂

to shed crocodile tears流鱷魚眼淚──假慈悲

People considered that what he had played on that occasion was no more than a Judas kiss.
人們認爲他在那種場合所表演的不過是猶大之吻──居心險惡。

The favors of Government are like the box of Pandora, with this important difference; that they rarely leave hope at bottom.
政府的恩惠如同潘多拉的盒子,後患無窮,主要不同之處是:盒底很少留有希望。

The best fish swim (are) near the bottom.好魚居水底——有價值的東西不能輕易得到。

Fish begins to stink at the end.魚要腐爛頭先爛——上樑不正下樑歪。

If two ride on a horse, one must ride behind.兩人騎一匹馬,總有一人坐在後面——兩人蔘加的事只能一人爲主。

The apples on the other side of the wall are the sweetest.隔牆的蘋果最甜——這山看着那山高。

Don't forget to cross your t's.寫時不要忘記 t上面那一橫——一言一行都不要馬虎草率。套譯

套譯就是借用漢語成語來翻譯。由於文化背景不同,原文的形象有時不符合中國習俗,如直譯出來寓意就會頗爲費解,或原文的形象引起另一種聯想,從而影響到原文意思的準確傳達,這時大多可以採用套譯。英漢習語形異義似時,有時可採用這種譯法。例如:

Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion. 寧爲雞首,不爲牛後。

Some prefer turnips and others pears.蘿蔔白菜,各有所愛。(比譯爲"有人喜歡蘿蔔,有人喜歡梨"更能爲中國讀者所理解和接受。 )

as lean as a rail 骨瘦如柴 (如 直譯爲"瘦得像個橫杆",則不符合中國人習慣。)

clean hand 兩袖清風

It was by no means a bed of rose. 這決不是安樂窩。

He cries wine and sells vinegar. 掛羊頭,賣狗肉。

as pale (or white) as ashes( or sheet or death) 面如土色

as red as rose 豔如桃李

as clear as daylight 洞若觀火

All shall be well, Jack shall have Jill. 有情人終成眷屬。

He robs Peter to pay Paul. 拆東牆補西牆。

Diamonds cut Diamonds. 棋逢對手,將遇良才。英雄惜英雄

Pay on the spot and borrow a lot; pay slow and you'll get no dough.好借好還,再借不難。

英語習語翻譯必須掌握的絕招

意譯

當直譯原文結果會令人爲費解或造成誤解時,如使用套譯的結果不理想,還可以採用意譯。例如:

Look at the chaps in politics and business, whose whole lives were passed in skating on thin ice, and getting knighted for it.
試看那些政治上和商業上的傢伙們, 他們整個兒的生活都是在風險中度過的,可是都因此封了爵。(to skate on thin ice 若直譯爲"如履薄冰",則會產生謹慎從事的聯想, 有違原意。)

to come like a dog at a whistle 一呼即來

Hilter was once as proud as a peacock. 希特勒曾是一個不可一世的傢伙。

Mary and her mother are as like as two peas.瑪麗和她媽媽長得一模一樣。(而不是"像兩顆豌豆一樣相似")

例如:

She likes to rubber-neck. 她愛問長問短。

start a hare 話離本題

to bring down the house 全場喝彩

plain sailing 一帆風順

to show one's clean heels 逃之夭夭

to go on a wild goose chase 枉費心機

as greedy as a wolf 貪得無厭

Every bean has its black. 人皆有短處。

直譯加意譯

這種譯法既能保持原文的比喻形象, 同時又能明白清楚地表達寓意。例如:

laugh off one's head笑掉了牙

break the earth破土動工

wash off one's hands洗手不幹

There is no rose without a thorn.
玫瑰皆有刺,樂中必有苦。(比意譯的"世上沒有十全十美的幸福。"簡潔形象。)

Every flow has its ebb. 潮有漲落日, 人有盛衰時。

A rolling stone gathers no moss. 滾石不生苔, 轉業不聚財。

I had won 0 at poker that ordinarily would have burned a hole in my pocket,but I couldn't shake an overwhelming sadness.
我玩撲克遊戲贏了三百元。通常,錢燒口袋漏,一有就不留。可我當時極爲憂愁煩悶怎麼也無法擺脫那種惡劣的心境。

Every family is said to have at least one skeleton in the cupboard.俗話說, 衣櫃裏面藏骷髏, 見不得人的事兒家家有。

意譯加註

有些英語習語意譯成漢語時,如有必要可提供相關的背景的知識,以幫助讀者加深對原習語的理解。例如:

throw in the sponge 認輸,投降 (注:若拳擊運動員的副手把擦身用的海綿拋向空中,則表示這個運動員認輸因而不進入下一輪比賽。)

pour oil on troubled waters 平息風波,息事寧人(注:傳說航海遇到風浪時,若把油倒進海里,可起到使海浪平息的作用。)

open sesame 敲門磚, 過難關的祕訣(注:《天方夜談》中的《阿里巴巴與四十大盜》故事說:一個山洞內藏有無數的金銀財寶,但洞門緊閉,必須用咒語"開門芝麻"才能打開。)

Good wine needs no bush. 酒好客自來。(注:英國從前流行一種風俗,人們常在商店的門口外掛某種東西作爲該店經營某種商品的標誌, 掛常春藤ivybush標誌的常爲酒店。)