雅思閱讀理解經典習題附答案

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雅思閱讀理解經典習題附答案

★Study Finds Web Antifraud Measure Ineffective

Published: February 5, 2007 New York Times

1. Internet security experts have long known that simple passwords do not fully defend online bank accounts from determined fraud artists. Now a study suggests that a popular secondary security measure provides little additional protection.

study, produced jointly by researchers at Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, looked at a technology called site-authentication images. In the system, currently used by financial institutions like Bank of America, ING Direct and Vanguard, online banking customers are asked to select an image, like a dog or chess piece, that they will see every time they log in to their account.

idea is that if customers do not see their image, they could be at a fraudulent Web site, dummied up to look like their bank’s, and should not enter their passwords.

Harvard and M.I.T. researchers tested that hypothesis. In October, they brought 67 Bank of America customers in the Boston area into a controlled environment and asked them to conduct routine online banking activities, like looking up account balances. But the researchers had secretly withdrawn the images.

60 participants who got that far into the study and whose results could be verified, 58 entered passwords anyway. Only two chose not to log on, citing security concerns.

6.“The premise is that site-authentication images increase security because customers will not enter their passwords if they do not see the correct image,” said Stuart Schechter, a computer scientist at the M.I.T. Lincoln Laboratory. “From the study we learned that the premise is right less than 10 percent of the time.”

added: “If a bank were to ask me if they should deploy it, I would say no, wait for something better,” he said.

system has some high-power supporters in the financial services world, many trying to comply with new online banking regulations. In 2005, the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council, an interagency body of federal banking regulators, determined that passwords alone did not effectively thwart intruders like identity thieves.

issued new guidelines, asking financial Web sites to find better ways for banks and customers to identify each other online. January 2007 was set as the compliance date, though the council has yet to begin enforcing the mandate.

s immediately knew what they did not want to do: ask customers to download new security software, or carry around hardware devices that feed them PIN codes they can use to authenticate their identities. Both solutions would add an extra layer of security but, the banks believed, detract from the convenience of online banking.

image system, introduced in 2004 by a Silicon Valley firm called PassMark Security, offered banks a pain-free addition to their security arsenals. Bank of America was among the first to adopt it, in June 2005, under the brand name SiteKey, asking its 21 million Web site users to select an image from thousands of possible choices and to choose a unique phrase they would see every time they logged in.

Key “gives our customers a fairly easy way of authenticating the Bank of America Web site,” said Sanjay Gupta, an e-commerce executive at the bank. “It was very well received.”

Harvard and M.I.T. researchers, however, found that most online banking customers did not notice when the SiteKey images were absent. When respondents logged in during the study, they saw a site maintenance message on the screen where their image and phrases should have been pictured. The error message also had a conspicuous spelling mistake, further suggesting something fishy.

. Gupta of Bank of America said he was not troubled by the results of the survey, and stressed that SiteKey had made the bank’s Web site more secure. He also said that the system was only a single part of a larger security blanket. “It’s not like we’re betting the bank on SiteKey,” he said.

financial institutions, like Bank of America, have other ways to tell if a customer is legitimate. The banks often drop a small software program, called a cookie, onto a user’s PC to associate the computer with the customer. If the customer logs in from another machine, he may be asked personal Questions, like his mother’s maiden name.

na Dhamija, the Harvard researcher who conducted the study, points out that swindlers can use their dummy Web sites to ask customers those personal questions. She said that the study demonstrated that site-authentication images are fundamentally flawed and, worse, might actually detract from security by giving users a false sense of confidence.

Security, the company that bought PassMark last year, “has a lot of great data on how SiteKey instills trust and confidence and good feelings in their customers,” Ms. Dhamija said. “Ultimately that might be why they adopted it. Sometimes the appearance of security is more important than security itself.”

(811 words )

Questions 1-5

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? Please write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the writer

FALSE if the statement does not agree with the writer

NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage

rding to internet security experts, secondary security measures provide little additional protection against fraud.

the Harvard and MIT study, two subjects didn’t log on without seeing the correct pictures.

rding to Schechter, more than 90% of online banking customers studied logged on without seeing the right pictures.

image system is the only security measure that the banks mentioned in the passage have currently.

of America is the first bank that adopted the image system.

Questions 6-13

Answer the following questions or complete the following sentences by choosing NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

is ING Direct and Vanguard?

might online banking customers be cheated to give at a fraudulent Web site?

may stop online banking customers from using new verification methods?

key to online banking security is to verify the ______ of customers.

e is PassMark Security located?

is the reason why SiteKey is popular among online banking customers?

was used instead of images in the Harvard and M.I.T. study?

many security methods are mentioned in this passage?

Answer keys

1. 第一段“Now a study suggests that a popular secondary security measure provides little additional protection.”似與問題文字很接近，但是原文中a popular secondary security measure是指特定的一個措施，而非泛指所有secondary security measure。原文沒有其它secondary security measure安全有效性的內容。故應選擇NG。

2. 見第4、5段內容。第四段 “But the researchers had secretly withdrawn the images.”即研?a href="">咳嗽背廢鋁送夾危諼宥巍癘nly two chose not to log on, citing security concerns.”，有兩個人因爲安全考慮未進入。

3. T 見第6段。

4. F 見第11、14段。

5. F 見第11段“Bank of America was among the first to adopt it”，可見首批採用圖形識別軟件的銀行並非Bank of America一家。

6. A financial institution 見第二段。

7. (their) passwords 見第三段。

8. less convenience 見第十段。

9. identity 見第八、十段。

10. Silicon Valley 見第十一段。

11. easy to use 見第十二段。

12. site maintenance message 見第十三段“When respondents logged in during the study, they saw a site maintenance message on the screen where their image and phrases should have been pictured.”

13. 4 分別見第十段的“download new security software”和“hardware devices that feed them PIN codes”，第十五段的“a small software program, called a cookie”，以及本文提到的site-authentication images。

雅思閱讀材料大集合：年紀越大越覺時光飛逝

As you get older, it feels like time tends to move faster. As Dan Ariely explains over at The Wall Street Journal, we tend to fall into familiar routines as we age and that makes time move quickly.

雖然你年紀越來越大，時間似乎也越走越快。就像作者丹·艾瑞里在《華爾街日報》撰文解釋的一樣：我們的歲數越是增長，生活就越傾向於變得一成不變。所以，時間過得更快了。

We perceive time something like a stack of memories, so the less new experiences you have, the less likely you are to fill in those memories with interesting things.

我們感知中的時間就像是回憶的堆疊。所以新鮮的經歷越少，你就越不可能在那些回憶中填滿有趣的事情。

Time does go by (or, more accurately, it feels as if time is going by) more quickly the older we get.

我們越長大，時間確實會過得越快(或者更準確地說，我們確實會感覺時間過得越快)。

In the first few years of our lives, anything we sense or do is brand new, and many of our experiences are unique, so they remain firmly in our memories. But as the years go by, we encounter fewer and fewer new experiences—both because we have already accomplished a lot and because we become slaves to our daily routines.

在我們人生的最初幾年裏，我們感覺到的一切，所做的一切都是全新的。而且，我們的許多經歷都很獨特，獨特到足以牢牢留在我們的記憶中。但是隨着時間的流逝，我們能遇到的全新經歷越來越少了。這是由於我們不僅已經完成了許多事情，而且已經習慣於像奴隸般遵守自己的生活習慣。

For example, try to remember what happened to you every day last week，chances are that nothing extraordinary happened, so you will be hard-pressed to recall the specific things you did on Monday, Tuesday, etc.

舉例來說，請你努力回想一下上週每天你都做了些什麼事情。什麼特別的事情也沒有發生的概率很大，所以你會覺得回憶自己在週一、週二等日子裏具體做了哪些事情非常困難。

What can we do about this? Maybe we need some new app that will encourage us to try out new experiences, point out things we've never done, recommend dishes we've never tasted and suggest places we've never been. Such an app could make our lives more varied, prod us to try new things, slow down the passage of time and increase our happiness.

對此，我們該怎麼辦呢?或許我們需要一些新的應用來鼓勵我們嘗試新經歷、指出我們還沒做過的事情、給我們推薦沒有嘗試過的菜和沒有去過的地方。這樣的應用可以讓我們的生活更加豐富，刺激我們去嘗試新鮮的事物，讓時光放慢腳步並且讓我們更加快樂。

Until such an app arrives, try to do at least one new thing every 's not too difficult to push yourself to do new things.

在這種應用被髮明出來以前，每週至少嘗試一件新的事物吧。逼自己去嘗試新事物並不是一件非常困難的事情!

雅思閱讀材料大集合：美國胖妹爲比伯減肥110斤

A Justin Bieber superfan has lost more than eight stone in a bid to make her pop star idol notice her.

一位賈斯汀-比伯的超級粉絲爲了讓偶像注意到她，減掉了超過八英石的體重。

Now weighing in at 10.5 stone Bryanna Debinder, 20, shed an incredible 122 lbs in just a year after becoming jealous of the slim girls who were pulled on stage by Bieber during his concerts.

現在重10.5英石(約合66公斤)，20歲的布里安娜僅僅一年就減掉了122磅(約爲110斤)的體重，只是因爲嫉妒那些可以在演唱會上被比伯拉上臺的苗條女孩們。

'Every time I saw him pull up a pretty, slim girl on stage, I just thought: 'that should be me',' said Bryanna, of Temple, near Reading, Pennsylvania.

“每次我看到他拉那些漂亮苗條的女孩上臺，我都會想’那個人應該是我!’”來自賓夕法尼亞州開普的布里安娜這樣說道。

'Everyone deserves a chance to be noticed by the person they love, and I'm his biggest fan.

“每個人都有機會得到她愛的人的注意，而且我是他的超級粉絲。”

The Penn State University psychology student's obsession with Bieber, also 20, began when she saw him on MTV in 2009.

這位賓夕法尼亞州立大學心理學專業的學生和比伯同齡，2009年在MTV上見到比伯後自此迷得一發不可收拾。

As the then clean-cut pop star crooned to his platinum-selling single 'One Time', Bryanna fell in love and there began an obsession that would change her life.

當時長相清秀的流行歌手比伯深情演唱了白金單曲《One Time》，布里安娜陷入了愛河，並開始完全癡迷並從此改變了她的生活。