金融英語閱讀 保證金及利息

保證金是指買方或賣方按照交易市場規定標準交納的資金，專門用於訂單交易的結算和履行約定的保證。接下來小編爲大家整理了金融英語閱讀--保證金及利息，希望對你有幫助哦!

　　一、Margin保證金

Margin allows investors to buy securities with money borrowed from brokers or banks. It is calculated based on the difference between the market value of the stock and the loan made by the lender. The extension of credit to customers for securities transactions in the U.S. is regulated by: the Federal Reserve Board,the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD), and individual firms. The Federal reserve regulates the amount ofmoney that a broker may lend to a customer through Regulation T (Reg T). Although Reg T allows for the extension of margin credit for any listed security,most brokerage firms have more strict lending rules and will not lend for the purchase of low-priced (penny stock) securities.

投資者可以通過保證金從經紀人或銀行借款來購買證券。保證金的計算取決於股票的市場價值和貸款的差異。美國的聯邦儲備局，紐約證券交易所，全美證券交易商協會和個別公司共同規定證券客戶的信貸延展問題。美聯儲通過法規T來限制經紀人對客戶的貸款數額。雖然法規T允許對一些保證金賬戶延展信貸，但大多數證券經紀公司對貸款有更嚴格的規定並且不會貸款給客戶來購買低價股票。

　　二、Interest利息

Interest is the cost of using money. The interest rate paid is usually expressed in annual terms though money market instruments may have a shorter term than one year. An interest rate is determined by dividing the amount of interest paid by the principal amount borrowed. For example, if a $1000 bond pays $85 in interest for one year, the annual interest rate is 8.5 percent. In the U.S. some interestbearing bonds, such as municipals, entitle the bearer to an exemption from certain taxes on interest income. The interest paid by a company on its outstanding debt as well as the interest paid by a homeowner on his/her mortgage, is deductible from income as an expense and so can reduce the amount of tax owed.

利息是使用貨幣的成本。利率的支付形式通常以年爲期限，雖然金融市場票據會有一個更短的時間。利率的制定取決於借款本金所劃分的利息。舉個例子，如果1,000美元的債券每年支付85美元那麼年利率就是8.5%.美國有一些有息債券，如政府債券，它允許持有人在利息收益上有一定的免稅。公司未償債務和按揭住房的屋主需支付的利息可以作爲一項費用減少他們的應交稅金。