地道英文閒聊脫口秀 第17期:女權主義與性別平等Feminism and Gender Equality

Speech by UN Women Goodwill Ambassador Emma Watson at a special event for the HeForShe campaign, United Nations Headquarters, New York, 20 September 2014

聯合國婦女親善大使艾瑪茠森在2014年9月20日紐約聯合國總部爲“他爲她”運動舉行的特別活動上的演講

Today we are launching a campaign called “HeForShe.”I am reaching out to you because I need your help. We want to end gender inequality—and to do that we need everyone to be involved. This is the first campaign of its kind at the UN: we want to try and galvanize as many men and boys as possible to be advocates for gender equality. And we don’t just want to talk about it, but make sure it is tangible.

今天，我們啓動了一項名爲“他爲她”的運動。我向你伸出手，因爲我需要你的幫助。我們希望終結性別不平等——爲此，我們需要所有人都參與其中。這是聯合國同類運動中的第一項：我們希望努力並激勵儘可能多的男人和男孩倡導性別平等。並且我們希望這不只是空談，而是確確實實的看得見摸得着。

I was appointed six months ago and the more I have spoken about feminism the more I have realized that fighting for women’s rights has too often become synonymous with man-hating. If there is one thing I know for certain, it is that this has to stop. For the record, feminism by definition is: “The belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities. It is the theory of the political, economic and social equality of the sexes.”

六個月前，我被任命爲聯合國婦女親善大使。我談論女權主義越多，我越發現，爭取女性權益太容易被當作憎恨男人的同義詞。如果說有一件事是我確切知道的，那就是，這樣的誤解必須停止。必須鄭重聲明，女權主義的定義是：“男性和女性應該擁有平等權利和機會的信仰。它是性別間政治、經濟和社會平等的理論。”

I started questioning gender-based assumptions when at eight I was confused at being called “bossy,” because I wanted to direct the plays we would put on for our parents—but the boys were not. When at 14 I started being sexualized by certain elements of the press. When at 15 my girlfriends started dropping out of their sports teams because they didn’t want to appear “muscly.” When at 18 my male friends were unable to express their feelings.

8歲時，我開始質疑基於性別的假設。我不明白，爲什麼我想在爲家長上演的戲劇裏擔任導演，就會被說成“專橫”，而男孩們則不會。14歲時，我開始被媒體的某些元素性別化。15歲時，我的女朋友們開始退出各自的運動隊，因爲她們不希望顯得“肌肉發達”。18歲時，我的男性朋友們不能表達他們的想法。

I decided I was a feminist and this seemed uncomplicated to me. But my recent research has shown me that feminism has become an unpopular word. Apparently I am among the ranks of women whose expressions are seen as too strong,too aggressive, isolating, anti-men and, is the word such an uncomfortable one?

我認定自己是一名女權主義者，這對我來說並不複雜。但我最近的調查發現，女權主義已經成爲一個不受歡迎的詞。顯然，我身處那些言辭看起來過於強烈、過於激進、孤立、反男性、不吸引人的女性行列中。爲什麼這個詞如此令人不安？

I am from Britain and think it is right that as a woman I am paid the same as my male counterparts. I think it is right that I should be able to make decisions about my own body. I think it is right that women beinvolved on my behalf in the policies and decision-making of my country. I think it is right that socially I am afforded the same respect as men. But sadly I can say that there is no one country in the world where all women can expect to receive these rights. No country in the world can yet say they have achieved gender equality.

我來自英國，我認爲身爲女性，我應該和男性同行獲得一樣的報酬。我認爲我應該自己爲自己的身體做決定。我認爲應該有女性代表我參與政治，以及我的國家的決策制定。我認爲在社會上，我應該和男性獲得相同的尊重。但遺憾的是，世界上沒有一個國家能使所有的女性都能獲得上述權利。世界上沒有一個國家能說，他們已經實現了性別平等。

These rights I consider to be human rights but I am one of the lucky ones. My life is a sheer privilege because my parents didn’t love me less because I was born a daughter. My school did not limit me because I was a girl. My mentors didn’t assume I would go less far because I might give birth to a child one day. These influencers were the gender equality ambassadors that made who I am today. They may not know it, but they are the inadvertent feminists who are. And we need more of those. And if you still hate the word—it is not the word that is important but the idea and the ambition behind it. Because not all women have been

afforded the same rights that I have. In fact, statistically, very few have been.

這些權利，我認爲是人權。我是衆多幸運兒中的一個。我的生活是完完全全的榮幸，因爲我的父母沒有因爲我生爲女兒而減少對我的愛。我的學校沒有因爲我是女孩而限制我。我的導師沒有因爲我將來可能要生孩子而認爲我會走不遠。這些影響了我的人，都是性別平等大使，是他們造就了今天的我。他們也許並不知道，但他們是無心的女權主義者。而我們現在，則需要更多這樣的人。所以，如果你仍然憎恨這個詞——重要的不是這個詞，而是它背後的想法和抱負。因爲並不是所有女性都能夠享有我所擁有的權利。事實上，從統計數據看，真的非常少。

In 1997, Hilary Clinton made a famous speech in Beijing about women’s rights. Sadly many of the things she wanted to change are still a reality today. But what stood out for me the most was that only 30 per cent of her audience were male. How can we affect change in the world when only half of it is invited or feel welcome to participate in the conversation?

1997年，希拉裏克林頓在北京做了一個關於女性權益的著名演講。很遺憾，她希望改變的許多事，直到如今仍然是現實。但我注意到，聽衆裏只有30%是男性。當只有世界上的一半的人蔘與並融入這場對話時，我們怎麼可能影響做出影響世界的改變？

Men—I would like to take this opportunity to extend your formal invitation. Gender equality is your issue too. Because to date, I’ve seen my father’s role as a parent being valued less by society despite my needing his presence as a child as much as my mother’s.

男人們——我希望利用這個機會正式的邀請你們加入。性別平等也是你們的議題。因爲到目前爲止，我看到，我父親作爲家長所發揮的作用被社會所低估，雖然作爲孩子，我所需要的他的陪伴和我需要母親的一樣多。

I’ve seen young men suffering from mental illness unable to ask for help for fear it would make them look less “macho”—in fact in the UK suicide is the biggest killer of men between 20-49; eclipsing road accidents, cancer and coronary heart disease. I’ve seen men made fragile and insecure by a distorted sense of what constitutes male success. Men don’t have the benefits of equality either.

我看到，年輕男性因爲害怕自己顯得不夠“男子漢大丈夫”，從而在承受心理困擾時窘於尋求幫助——事實上，在英國，自殺已經是20-49歲男性的第一殺手，比交通事故、癌症和冠心病造成的死亡都多。我看到，男人因爲對男性成功的扭曲理解而感到脆弱和不安全。性別不平等對男性也沒有好處。

We don’t often talk about men being imprisoned by gender stereotypes but I can see that that they are and that when they are free, things will change for women as a natural consequence. If men don’t have to be aggressive in order to be accepted women won’t feel compelled to be submissive. If men don’t have to control, women won’t have to be controlled.

我們並不常談及男人因爲性別刻板印象而入獄，不過我可以看到，事情真是這樣。並且當他們自由時，女性的境遇也會自然發生變化。

Both men and women should feel free to be sensitive. Both men and women should feel free to be strong… It is time that we all perceive gender on a spectrum not as two opposing sets of ideals.

男人和女人都可以敏感；男人和女人都可以強壯……是時候把性別理解爲光譜，而不是南轅北轍的兩派。

If we stop defining each other by what we are not and start defining ourselves by what we are—we can all be freer and this is what HeForShe is about. It’s about freedom. I want men to take up this mantle. So their daughters, sisters and mothers can be free from prejudice but also so that their sons have permission to be vulnerable and human too—reclaim those parts of themselves they abandoned and in doing so be a more true and complete version of themselves.

如果我們不再把對方定義爲自己的對立面，而是把對方定義爲我們的一員——我們都會更加自由。這就是“他爲她”所倡導的。這就是自由。我希望男性負起這個責任。這樣他們的女兒、姐妹和母親都能夠擁有免於偏見的自由，同時，他們的兒子也能被允許脆弱和感性——擁有這些他們曾經放棄的特質，他們纔是更真實和完整的自己。

You might be thinking who is this Harry Potter girl? And what is she doing up on stage at the UN. It’s a good question and trust me I have been asking myself the same thing. I don’t know if I am qualified to be here. All I know is that I care about this problem. And I want to make it better. And having seen what I’ve seen—and given the chance—I feel it is my duty to say something. English statesman Edmund Burke said: “All that is needed for the forces of evil to triumph is for enough good men and women to do nothing.”

你可能會想，這個從哈利波特里走出的姑娘是誰？她在聯合國的講臺上做什麼？這是一個好問題。相信我，我也問過自己相同的問題。我不知道我是否夠格站在這裏。我所知道的是我關心這個問題。我希望它能變好。同時，因爲我目睹過那些事情——並且我又有機會——我感到自己有責任說些什麼。英國政治家埃德蒙德伯克曾說：“惡勢力獲勝所需要的，只不過是足夠多善良的男人和女人的不作爲。”

In my nervousness for this speech and in my moments of doubt I’ve told myself firmly—if not me, who, if not now, when. If you have similar doubts when opportunities are presented to you I hope those words might be helpful. Because the reality is that if we do nothing it will take 75 years, or for me to be nearly a hundred before women can expect to be paid the same as men for the same work. 15.5 million girls will be married in the next 16 years as children. And at current rates it won’t be until 2086 before all rural African girls will be able to receive a secondary education.

當我爲這次演講感到緊張和疑慮的時刻，我堅定的告訴自己——如果不是我，那又是誰；如果不是現在，那又是什麼時候？如果當你面對機會時也有類似的疑慮，希望這些話能對你有所幫助。因爲現實是，如果我們什麼也不做，那麼女性實現與男性同工同酬需要花上75年，而要我說，這恐怕得花上幾乎一百年。一千五百五十萬女孩會在未來16年被迫童婚。同時，按現在的發展速度，在2086年以前，非洲農村都無法實現所有女孩都能接受中等教育。

If you believe in equality, you might be one of those inadvertent feminists I spoke of earlier. And for this I applaud you. We are struggling for a uniting word but the good news is we have a uniting movement. It is called HeForShe. I am inviting you to step forward, to be seen to speak up, To be the he for she. And to ask yourself if not me, who, if not now when. Thank you.

如果你相信平等，你可能是我前頭說到的那些無心的女權主義者的一員。爲此，我爲你鼓掌喝彩。我們正在努力爭取一個團結的世界，好消息是，我們已經有了一個團結的運動。它叫做“他爲她”。我邀請你站出來，展示自己，暢所欲言，成爲“他爲她”。以及，問自己：如果不是我，那又是誰；如果不是現在，那又是什麼時候！謝謝。