一張圖看懂地球變暖對各國的影響

Climate change experts have released maps of the world revealing how prepared different countries are to cope with the effects of climate change.

最近，研究氣候變化的專家發佈了幾張世界地圖，這些地圖顯示了不同的國家在應對氣候變化影響方面的差異。

In the maps, 192 countries are ranked by their ‘vulnerability’ and ‘readiness’, to produce an overall judgement on their fate.

192個國家按照“脆弱程度”和“應對程度”兩個指標進行排名，從地圖中可以得出這些國家將來命運的整體判斷。

Countries like Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark score well on the scale.

其中，挪威、瑞典、芬蘭以及丹麥等國家的總得分較高。

But places like Central America, Africa and India all appear at risk from natural disaster - and are poorly equipped to cope, said The Eco Experts.

而中美洲、非洲及印度等地區相對更容易受到自然災害的威脅，而且也缺乏有效的應對機制。

Jon Whiting, of The Eco Experts warned: ‘Hurricanes, earthquakes, blizzards, droughts and flooding are all real dangers for some of these areas, and this is compounded by a lack of national strategy to counteract the effects.’

該公司的喬恩·懷廷警告說：“對以上地區來說，颶風、地震、暴風雪、乾旱和洪水等都是切切實實可能發生的自然災害，更嚴重的是這些地區缺乏應對災難的策略。”

Burundi, Chad, Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo produced some of the lowest scores, meaning these countries will be the biggest victims of weather disasters.

另外，布隆迪、乍得、蘇丹以及剛果民主主義共和國等非洲國家的得分最低，這意味着它們將有可能成爲氣候變化所影響到的最大受害者。

The map is based on data compiled by the ND-Gain index, which has been monitoring 45 internal and external indicators of climate change exposure of 192 countries since 1992.

這份地圖都是根據氣候變化適應指數編制的，這項指數自1992年起一直監測着192個國家的受氣候變化影響的45個內外部指標。

The index is built on two variables; ‘vulnerability’ and ‘readiness’ for which a country gets a separate mark for each. These scores tally up to produce an overall total indicating how a particular nation would fare.

氣候變化適應指數以“脆弱程度”和“應對程度”兩個變量爲基準，分別計算每個國家在這兩個變量上的得分。然後將分數加在一起得到總分，以此來表明該國的氣候變化適應狀況。

On the scale, the country best equipped to cope with the effects of climate change was Norway. In fact, Norway has topped the ranking every year since the Index began in 1995.

經過測量後發現，在應對氣候變化影響方面做得最好的國家是挪威。事實上，從1995年開始使用氣候變化適應指數計算總分以來，挪威一直是得分最高的。

‘Adaptation challenges still exist, but Norway is well positioned to adapt. Norway is the 4th least vulnerable country and the 5th most ready country,’ according to the ND-Gain Index website.

從氣候變化適應指數的網站上可以看到，“適應氣候的挑戰一直都存在，但是挪威在應對挑戰方面做得最好。挪威在全球最不容易受到損害的國家中排名第四，而在全球應對影響準備最充分的國家中排名第五。”

Second was New Zealand, third was Sweden, fourth was Finland and fifth Denmark. The UK came in seventh, followed by the US in eighth. Lower down, Ireland came in 17th and Russia in 32nd.

總排名第二的是新西蘭，第三是瑞典，第四是芬蘭，第五是丹麥。英國排第七，美國排第八。再往下，愛爾蘭排第十七，俄羅斯排在第三十二。

At the bottom of the table Chad was deemed the country that would suffer the most from climate change.

排名在最後的有非洲的乍得，該國被認爲是受氣候變化影響最嚴重的國家。

‘It has both a great need for investment and innovations to improve readiness and a great urgency for action,’ said the site.

網站上稱，“該國需要在提高應對氣候變化影響方面加大投資規模與創新力度，並立即採取行動。”

It was followed by Eritrea, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Central Africa Republic.

排在乍得之後的有厄立特里亞、布隆迪、剛果民主主義共和國以及中非共和國。

On the site, detailed factors for each country can be viewed. These include the projected change of cereal yields, access to reliable drinking water and vulnerability to heatwave hazards.

另外在該網站上還可以看到各國的細節因素，包括穀物產量的預期變化值、可飲用水的獲取狀況以及熱浪災害的易損性等。