年最健康國家排行：西班牙排第一 中國名次有提升

各位吃貨們，再給大家一個享用西班牙美食的理由：在最新發布的健康國家排行中，西班牙位居第一。研究顯示，這與其地中海飲食有關。中國排在52位，比之前上升了3個位次。

The menu of Shanghai's Hakkasan restaurant boasts a strong Chinese identity and a reverence for local ingredients. Photos Provided to China Daily

Maybe it’s something in the gazpacho or paella, as Spain just surpassed Italy to become the world’s healthiest country.

也許是西班牙冷湯或什錦飯中的某種東西起了作用，西班牙剛剛超過意大利，成爲了世界上健康狀況最好的國家。

gazpacho [gəs'pætʃəʊ]：n.西班牙涼菜湯

paella [paɪ'elə]：n.西班牙肉菜飯

That’s according to the 2019 edition of the Bloomberg Healthiest Country Index, which ranks 169 economies according to factors that contribute to overall health. Spain placed sixth in the previous gauge, published in 2017.

這個結論來自於2019年彭博社的最健康國家指數排行榜。該指數根據與整體健康狀況相關的多種因素，對169個經濟體進行了排名。在2017年發佈的指數排行榜中，西班牙位列第六。

Four additional European nations were among the top 10 in 2019: Iceland (third place), Switzerland (fifth), Sweden (sixth) and Norway (ninth). Japan was the healthiest Asian nation, jumping three places from the 2017 survey into fourth and replacing Singapore, which dropped to eighth. Australia and Israel rounded out the top 10 at seventh and 10th place.

2019年，還有其他4個歐洲國家位列前10：冰島（第3位）、瑞士（第5位）、瑞典（第6位）和挪威（第9位）。日本是亞洲最健康的國家，比2017年提升了3個位次，取代新加坡成爲第4名，而後者則跌到了第8位。澳大利亞和以色列分別排在第7位和第10位。

全球最健康國家

The index grades nations based on variables including life expectancy while imposing penalties on risks such as tobacco use and obesity. It also takes into consideration environmental factors including access to clean water and sanitation.

排行榜根據預期壽命等變量對國家進行打分，同時根據菸草使用和肥胖等因素扣分。排行同時還考慮了環境等其他因素，包括清潔水和衛生狀況等。

Spain has the highest life expectancy at birth among European Union nations, and trails only Japan and Switzerland globally, United Nations data show. Spain by 2040 is forecast to have the highest lifespan, at almost 86 years, followed by Japan, Singapore and Switzerland, according to the University of Washington’s Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation.

聯合國數據顯示，在歐盟國家中，西班牙的出生時預期壽命最長，在全球僅次於日本和瑞士。據華盛頓大學衛生統計評估研究所研究，預計到2040年，西班牙將成爲全球壽命最長的國家——接近86歲。日本、新加坡和瑞士排在其後。

"Primary care is essentially provided by public providers, specialized family doctors and staff nurses, who provide preventive services to children, women and elderly patients, and acute and chronic care," according to the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies 2018 review of Spain, noting a decline the past decade in cardiovascular diseases and deaths from cancer.

根據《歐洲健康體系和政策觀察》2018年對西班牙的評價，“基層醫療主要由政府部門、專門的家庭醫生和護理人員提供，他們爲兒童、婦女、老年患者提供服務，治療各種急慢性病症”。該評價指出，在過去10年間，西班牙的心血管疾病及癌症死亡率出現下降。

飲食習慣

Researchers say eating habits may provide clues to health levels enjoyed by Spain and Italy, as a “Mediterranean diet, supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts, had a lower rate of major cardiovascular events than those assigned to a reduced-fat diet,” according to a study led by the University of Navarra Medical School.

西班牙納瓦拉醫學院的研究顯示，關於西班牙和意大利的健康指數“居高不下”的原因，他們的飲食習慣或許提供了一些線索。因爲“比起低脂飲食，配有初榨橄欖油和堅果作爲補充的地中海飲食導致重大心血管疾病的機率較低”。

Meanwhile in North America, Canada’s 16th-place ranking far surpassed the US and Mexico, both of which dropped slightly to 35th and 53rd. Life expectancy in the US has been trending lower due to deaths from drug overdoses and suicides.

在北美洲，加拿大排在第16位，遠遠超過了美國和墨西哥。後兩者的位次略微下跌，分別排在第35位和第53位。因爲過量用藥和自殺導致的死亡，美國的預期壽命一直較低。

Cuba placed five spots above the US, making it the only nation not classified as "high income" by the World Bank to be ranked that high. One reason for the island nation’s success may be its emphasis on preventative care over the US focus on diagnosing and treating illness, the American Bar Association Health Law Section said in a report last year.

古巴比美國靠前5個位次，這使得它成爲唯一一個未被世界銀行歸爲“高收入”、排名卻如此靠前的國家。美國律師協會健康法部門去年表示，比起美國對診斷和治療疾病的重視，古巴更重視預防保健，這或許是其排名靠前的原因之一。

South Korea improved seven spots to 17th while China, home to 1.3 billion people, rose three places to 52nd. Life expectancy in China is on track to surpass the US by 2040, according to the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation.

韓國排在第17位，比之前上升了7位。而擁有13億人口的中國排在52位，比之前上升3位。衛生統計評估研究所稱，中國的預期壽命將在2040年前超過美國。

Sub-Saharan economies accounted for 27 of the 30 unhealthiest nations in the ranking. Haiti, Afghanistan and Yemen were the others. Mauritius was the healthiest in Sub-Sahara, placing 74th globally as it had the lowest death rate by communicable diseases in a region still marred by infectious mortality.

在最不健康的30個經濟體中，有27個來自撒哈拉以南非洲。其餘三個分別是海地、阿富汗和也門。毛里求斯是撒哈拉以南非洲最健康的國家，在全球排名第74位。在傳染病盛行的撒哈拉以南非洲地區，毛里求斯的傳染病致死率最低。