年輕人由於肥胖問題,患癌率飆升

Being overweight is one of the biggest avoidable causes of cancer. Nowhere is this mow more obvious than in the millennial ?generation where rates of cancer are rising quicker than in their ancestors because they are heavier.
肥胖是癌症最可避免的原因之一。尤爲表現在：千禧一代因爲體重更重，所以患癌率比其祖先高得多。

Cancers typically occur as we get older, but it's in the under-50s where they're increasing most dramatically, suggesting numbers will soar in decades to come as those people age. As an example, pancreatic cancer cases have risen by six times more in 25 to 29 year olds than in those who are 45 to 49. This is a deeply shocking reversal of medical law.
通常，隨着人們年齡的增長，癌症會相伴發生，但現狀卻是50歲以下的患癌率增長最高，這也意味着隨着這些人逐漸變老，幾十年內這一數字還會飆升。例如，25至29歲的胰腺癌患者是45至49歲胰腺癌患者的6倍。在醫療規律史上，這是一個驚天大逆轉。

Researchers from the American Cancer Society looked at data from nearly 15 million cases involving 30 of the most common cancers, including 12 which are related to obesity.
美國癌症協會的研究員研究了1500萬個癌症案例數據，涉及30種最常見的癌症，包括12種與肥胖相關的癌症。

They divided patients into five-year age groups from 25-29 to 80-84 and followed them for 20 years. Researchers found cancers linked to obesity significantly increased over the 20-year period but were surprised to find the steepest rises occurring in younger age groups.
患者年齡相差每隔5歲就被分成一個小組，從25-29歲至80-84歲，並在接下來的20年內，對他們進行隨訪。研究員發現：與肥胖相關的癌症在20年間顯著增加，但更爲驚訝的是，年輕羣體的患癌率上升最高。

So, how does obesity lead to cancer?
那麼，肥胖是如何導致癌症的呢？

Fat cells aren't harmless and they're not neutral. They're active in the body, even toxic. They release inflammatory hormones and pass signals to cells that encourage them to divide and grow, sometimes going on to grow uncontrollably, building up into malignant tumours.
脂肪細胞既不是無害的，也不是中性的。它們在人體內十分活躍，甚至有毒。它們會釋放炎症激素，向細胞傳遞信號鼓勵它們分裂、生長。有時候，這些細胞會不受控制的生長，形成惡性腫瘤。

While cases are still far more common in older people, scientists say the growing trend in younger patients is likely to reflect rising obesity levels. "Most cancers occur in older adults, which means that as the young people in our study age, the burden of obesity-related cancer cases and deaths are likely to increase even more," says the study's lead author, Dr Ahmedin Jemal.
雖然老年癌症患者依然更爲常見，但科學家表示，年輕患者的增長趨勢很有可能反映了肥胖程度的增加。"癌症大多發生在老年人身上，這意味着隨着本研究中年輕受試者的年齡增長，與肥胖相關的癌症病例和死亡負擔會進一步加重，"研究的主要作者亞曼汀·傑梅爾博士說道。

The research found rates of the blood cancer multiple myeloma, and cancers of the bowel, womb, ?gallbladder, kidney, pancreas and thyroid, all increased in adults aged between 25 and 49. Dr Jemal said: "Death rates have been in decline for most cancers, but in the future, obesity could reverse that progress, barring any interventions."
研究發現，25-49歲的成年人中，血癌多發性骨髓瘤、腸癌、子宮癌、膽囊癌、腎癌、胰腺癌和甲狀腺癌的發病率均有所增加。傑梅爾博士說道："大多數癌症的致死率已有所下降，但未來肥胖或逆轉這一進程，除非我們採取肥胖干預措施。"