什麼決定了人的音樂品味？
What determines people's taste in music?
什麼決定了人的音樂品味？
來自哥倫比亞大學音樂理論本科主任Mariusz Kozak的回答：
OUR PREFERENCE FOR THIS OR THAT KIND OF MUSIC IS obviously a deeply subjective matter. It can also be highly unstable, changing not only during a lifetime, but even on a scale of months, or even days. Yet despite such variety, there are three factors that I think are the main contributors.
我們對這種或那種音樂的偏好顯然是很主觀的一件事，變數也很大，不僅在人的一生中會發生變化，甚至在幾個月、幾天內都會發生變化。然而儘管有這些變數，我認爲有三個因素主要決定了我們的音樂品味。
The first is our upbringing, or the musical background which surrounded us in our formative years.
首先就是我們的教養，或我們性格形成期周圍的音樂背景。
The kinds of music that we were exposed to as infants and toddlers helped to create very specific mental patterns—schemata—of the most typical melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic progressions.
我們嬰幼兒時期所接觸的音樂類型幫助我們形成了非常特殊的心理模式——圖示，它是最典型的有旋律的、協調的、有節奏的過程。
These schemata serve to create expectations when we listen to music, and, as it turns out, we tend to experience greatest pleasure when those expectations are met.
聽音樂時圖示使我們有期待，結果就是這些期待得到滿足時我們會感受到最大的快樂。
However, even the most stable musical schemata can be overridden by socio-cultural concerns, and these constitute the second contribution to our musical preferences.
然而，甚至最穩定的音樂模式也會被社會文化改變，這就二次形成了我們的音樂偏好。
Music, likely from the very beginning of the existence of modern humans, has been used to bring people together in various kinds of activities, because it is really efficient at regulating bodily and emotional responses of large groups of participants.
可能從現代人類存在開始音樂就被用來把人們聚集到各種活動中，因爲音樂真的能很有效的調控一大羣參與者身體與精神的反應。
Thus, it has served to create a sense of belonging, of group cohesion, of inclusion. The same mechanism applies today, where music brings listeners together in different activities.
因此，音樂被用來創造歸屬感、羣體凝聚力和被包容的感覺，這一技巧現在也適用，音樂把聽衆聚在不同活動中。
Whether you’re into heavy metal, or hip hop, or jazz, your preferences are guided in part by your desire to be a member of some social circle.
無論你是喜歡重金屬、嘻哈還是爵士樂，你的喜好中有一部分是受你想融入某個社會羣體的願望所驅使的。
These two factors seem to paint a rather mechanical picture of musical preferences, but this is obviously not the case.
以上兩個因素看起來對你的音樂偏好有着無意識的影響，但顯然並非如此。
Nothing is likely to be more important than our own subjective feeling at the time of listening, and this is something that draws on a very complex and irreducible network of biological and cultural influences.
聽音樂時好像沒有什麼比我們的主觀感覺更重要的了，這涉及到非常複雜又不受制約的生物學和文化的網狀影響。
Especially today, with nearly unlimited access to all genres and styles of music, we use music as a tool for regulating or maintaining our emotions, and our moods.
尤其是現在，我們幾乎不受任何限制，能接觸到所有音樂流派和風格，我們把音樂作爲一種管理或維持情緒和心情的工具。
This is why when you want to study you might reach for something unobtrusive, without words. Or when you’re trying to relax before bed you’ll probably listen to something calm. All of these point to the fantastic flexibility of music in our lives.
這就是爲什麼在你想學習時會選擇不耗費精力的沒有歌詞的音樂，或者睡前想要放鬆時會聽安靜的音樂。
But deep down it’s all about what the music does to you, how it affects you emotionally, bodily and cognitively.
這都是因爲我們生活中能對音樂靈活選擇，但歸根結底是看音樂對你做了什麼，它是如何影響你的情緒、身體和認知的。
