十項被誤認爲是外星人所爲的人類傑作

Since the beginning of humanity, people have invented explanations for things they don’t understand. The culprits for the unexplained have evolved from gods and demons, to ghosts and spirits, to extraterrestrials. A recent study showed that almost 1 in 4 Americans believe that, at least some of the reported UFO’s, are actually spacecraft from other worlds. Many people believe space aliens have visited Earth in the past – if they’re not here right now. Of course the vast majority of “evidence” of extraterrestrials have simple (albeit WAY less exciting) explanations. Here are 10 man-made things falsely attributed to extraterrestrial influence. Enjoy.

人類誕生以來，人們總是對於他們不理解的事情提供附會的解釋。無法解釋現象的始作俑者從最初的神魔，到後來的鬼怪，最後發展到了外星人。最新的一項研究表明，每4個美國人中就有1個人相信，在報道的UFO中至少有部分實際上是來自其他星球的飛船。許多人相信，外星人過去曾經造訪過地球--即便他們目前不在地球上。當然，絕大多數有關“地外生命”的證據都有簡單(而遠沒那麼令人興奮)的解釋。以下是10項人造的東西，它們被錯誤地歸因於地外生命的影響。請欣賞。

10Ancient Cave Paintings

Discoveries of ancient artwork depicting mysterious figures have helped give rise to the “Ancient Astronaut Theory”, which claims that alien beings visited prehistoric humans, possibly interacting and sharing knowledge with them. Advocates of this theory usually point to specific examples, such as a particular rock carving in the Val Camonica site in Italy, as well as the Wandjina Petroglyph (above) sites in Australia. Using these examples as evidence reaches unsturdy ground when held up to scientific scrutiny. The popular image of two “alien” figures in Val Camonica was picked out of over 200,000 drawings – a pretty clear sign of confirmation bias. Testing at the Wandjina site showed some drawings had been repainted numerous times over, with the images evolving over time at the artists’ discretion, rendering the original artwork unknown.

10 古代洞穴壁畫

描述神祕人物的古代美術作品的發現引起了“古代宇航員理論”的產生，該理論稱，外星人造訪過史前人類，可能曾與他們互動並分享知識。該理論的擁護者常常舉出特定的例子，如意大利卡摩尼加(Val Camonica)現場的特殊石雕以及澳大利亞的旺吉納岩石壁畫(Wandjina Petroglyph) 現場(上圖)。但若以科學方法來檢驗這些例子，它們就站不住腳了。卡摩尼加的兩個熱門“外星人”形象是從200,000多幅畫中挑選出來的--非常明顯的確認偏頗跡象。而在旺吉納現場的實驗表明，有些壁畫已經被重畫過無數次了，隨着時間的推移，這些畫按照藝術家的想法而演變，從而產生了未知的原創美術作品。

9Egyptian Carvings

According to many UFO enthusiasts, the Temple of Osiris at Abydos contains definitive proof of advanced ancient technology. The glyphs seem to include depictions of a helicopter, a jet plane and some sort of flying saucer. Unfortunately for believers, the glyphs are a result of erosion and actual replacement and re-carving of hieroglyphics. The original text is part of the titulary of Seti I, that had been changed to reference Ramsses II. Modifying and defacing inscriptions was common in ancient Egypt’s history, and in this case yielded some strange-looking results. Even stranger, UFO enthusiasts do not find it odd that there are no other examples like this in the thousands of hieroglyphs discovered elsewhere, nor is there any mention of flying machines anywhere in Egyptian literature.

9 埃及雕刻

據許多UFO迷稱，位於埃及阿比多斯的奧西里斯廟(Temple of Osiris)中藏有古代發達科技的確鑿證據。廟裏的符號似乎包含有關直升飛機、噴氣式飛機及某種飛碟的描述。但對相信此理論者來說不幸的是，這些符號只不過是腐蝕作用的結果，實際上是象形文字被替換和重新雕刻而形成的。原來的文字是塞提一世稱號(該稱號後已改爲拉美西斯二世)的一部分。在古埃及歷史上，修改和塗掉刻字是常見現象，在這種情況下，就會產生一些看上去奇怪的符號。更奇怪的是，在其他地方發現的數以千計的象形文字中並沒有其他像這樣的例子，所有埃及文獻中也從沒有提及過任何飛行的機器，而UFO迷們卻對此熟視無睹。

8Nazca Lines

The Nazca Lines are a series of hundreds of ancient geoglyphs located in Peru. These include depictions of animals, birds, fish and humans, along with simple lines and geometric shapes. Some of them are over 600ft. across and can only be viewed properly from the air. This has led to speculation by the Ancient Astronaut crowd that the ancient Peruvians were capable of advanced flight, or were trying to communicate with beings that were. Scientists have claimed the lines were of a spiritual significance, possibly pertaining to the availability of water. Also, historians have since recreated similar lines using primitive techniques without aerial assistance.

8 納斯卡線

納斯卡線是位於祕魯的一系列數以百計的古代人形石刻。這些線條組成的圖案有動物、鳥類、魚類及人類的形象，由簡潔的線條和幾何形狀組成。有些圖案寬達600多英尺，只有從空中才能完整觀看。這引起了古代宇航員理論擁護者的猜測：古代祕魯人掌握了先進的飛行技術，或曾試圖與掌握這些技術的生物交流。科學家們聲稱，這些線條具有精神上的意義，可能與水利有關。同時，歷史學家也採用原始技術在沒有航空手段輔助的情況下重新創作了一些類似的線條。

7Antikythera Mechanism

The Mechanism is a clock-like instrument from around 85 BC, that was discovered in 1900 near Antikythera, Greece. It was used aboard ships as a navigation tool because it could accurately predict locations of the sun, moon and the 5 known planets, at any given date. The device contained a complex system of gears, built with sophisticated technology, that rivaled that of 14th century clocks. Because of the precision involved in it’s construction, it’s almost exact predictions of cosmic bodies, and the apparent 1300 year gap in technology, UFO enthusiasts have cited this as evidence of alien contact, as humans could have never figured it’s complex technology out that early. However, if aliens were to blame, they would have probably told the Greeks about more than just five planets, or at least given them a magnetic compass. Of course ancient Greek literature mentions mechanisms like this one without mentioning other-worldly visitors.

7 安蒂基西拉裝置

該裝置是一個鐘型的儀器，製作於公元前85年左右，1900年在希臘的安蒂基西拉附近被發現。該裝置在船上被用作導航工具，因爲它能精確地預測任何給定一天的太陽、月亮以及5大已知行星的位置。該裝置包含一套以精密技術製造的複雜齒輪系統，該系統可與14世紀的時鐘媲美。由於其構造的精密性、其對宇宙天體運動近乎精確的預測以及跨越1300年的明顯技術差距，UFO迷們將此引爲外星人接觸人類的證據，因爲人類不可能那麼早地掌握這種複雜的技術。但是，如果外星人真是此裝置的主人的話，他們很可能不會只告訴希臘人五大行星，或者至少給他們一個指南針。當然，古希臘文獻提到過類似的裝置，但並沒有提到來自其他星球的訪客。

6Saqqara Bird

Found in a tomb excavation in 1898, the Saqqara Bird has been rumored, by believers in the Ancient Astronaut Theory, to be evidence of advanced flight in ancient Egypt. They note the vertical tail of the “bird” resembles a tailplane on an aircraft as opposed to the horizontal tail feathers of a real bird. The lack of legs, and the angle of the wings has lent to speculation about the design’s capability of aerodynamic lift. Tests performed on recreations of the artifact have shown it to have no aerodynamic properties conductive to flight. Modern scientific theories suggest it’s either a religious artifact or even just a simple children’s toy.

6 薩卡拉木鳥

薩卡拉木鳥於1898年在一次墓穴開掘中發現，古代宇航員理論的相信者聲稱它是古埃及存在先進飛行技術的證據。他們指出，該“鳥”的垂直尾部類似於飛機上的橫尾翼，而與真正鳥類的水平尾羽方向相反。足部的缺失以及雙翼的角度不禁讓人對這種設計的空氣動力升力產生猜測。對這種手工製品複製品的實驗表明，它並不具備有利於飛行的空氣動力屬性。現代科學理論表明，它要麼是一種宗教製品，要麼只不過是一個簡單的兒童玩具。

5Dogu

Dogu are small humanoid figurines created in prehistoric Japan. The unusual appearance of the Dogu has been claimed to resemble some sort of space suit, supposedly complete with goggles, armor and hoses. Adding to the mystery, their exact purpose remains unclear to historians. Ancient Astronaut proponents tend to ignore the fact that the “goggle-eyed type” figures are only one of many types of Dogu, and that archaeologists have pointed out the similarity of the figure’s eyes with Inuit snow goggles. They are seldom discovered intact, with limbs having been cut or broken off. This with the exaggerated hips, buttocks, and breasts depicted suggest a possible usage in fertility rituals.

5 土偶

土偶是史前日本製造的人型小泥塑。有人聲稱土偶不同尋常的外觀類似某種太空服，可以想像護目鏡、盔甲和呼吸管均已配齊。歷史學家仍然不清楚土偶的具體用途，這增添了它的神祕感。古代宇航員理論的支持者很容易忽視下面的事實：“護目鏡式”形象僅僅只是許多類土偶中的一類，且考古學家已指出過土偶眼睛與因紐特雪地護目鏡類似。此類土偶發現時很少有完整的，四肢要麼被切掉要麼破損。對髖部、臀部及乳房的誇張表現表明，這種土偶很可能用於有關生育的宗教儀式中。

4Crop Circles

In 1966, a man claimed to have seen a saucer shaped craft over a field near Tully, Australia. The saucer allegedly left a circular pattern of flattened reeds over the area it had taken off from. Years later, this unique story inspired two English pranksters to create their own patterns of flattened crops in local fields, using simple tools. The fad quickly spread, and crop circles became increasingly complex and intricate. While some believe this is a result of alien technology advancing, or the increasingly complex nature of an extraterrestrial “message” to humans, the overwhelming majority of crop circles have been revealed as products of deception, artistic expression and/or business or tourist interests.

4 麥田怪圈

1966年，一個人聲稱在澳大利亞塔利的一個麥田上方看見一個碟形飛行器。據稱該飛碟在它起飛的麥田中留下一圈壓平的蘆葦。多年後，這個獨特的故事激發了兩名英國惡作劇者的靈感，他們用簡單的工具在當地的莊稼地裏親自創作了壓平的莊稼組成的怪圈。這種做法迅速傳播，成爲一種時尚，麥田怪圈也變得越來越複雜和精巧。雖然有人相信這是外星人科技進步或外星人給人類的“消息”越來越複雜的結果，但麥田怪圈中的絕大多數已被揭露爲欺騙、藝術表現和/或商業或旅遊利益的產物。

3Norwegian Spiral

In December of 2009, an enormous spiral appeared in the sky over northern Norway, leading to speculation of an extraterrestrial visit. The unusual visual phenomenon lasted for 2-3 minutes, and consisted of a blue light originating on the horizon, which gained altitude, culminating into a large white pinwheel effect before disappearing “into a wormhole.” UFO enthusiasts cited this as evidence of extraterrestrial intelligence, while the official explanation from the Russian government wasn’t quite as fantastic. Apparently, a Russian military missile test went haywire, and the spiral effect was either a result of a broken stabilizer engine, or the missile circling an airborne misfire beacon until it ran out of fuel and fell into the sea.

3 挪威螺旋光圈

2009年12月，一個巨大的螺旋光圈出現在挪威北部的上空，引發人們對外星人來訪的猜想。這種不尋常的視覺現象持續了2-3分鐘，先是從地平線上發出藍色的光，這種藍光慢慢升高，最後形成一個巨大的白色風車效果，然後消失“在一個蟲洞中”。UFO迷將此現象引作外星文明的證據，而來自俄羅斯政府的官方解釋卻並不那麼讓人着迷。顯然，俄羅斯一次軍事導彈試驗出了問題，螺旋效果要麼是穩定器發動機損壞造成的，要麼是導彈圍繞空中熄火信標轉圈直到燃料用盡跌入海中造中的。

2Stonehenge

With it’s enormous stones dating past 2400BC, the purpose and construction methods of Stonehenge have long been debated. Humans are generally accepted to have built the actual monument, as comparably large stones have been erected in modern times using primitive tools. However, Ancient Astronaut theorists claim that the positions of the stones confirm an ancient ability to predict eclipses. This ability would mean the ancients had knowledge of lunar nodes – the two points in space where Earth’s orbit intersects the moon’s orbit. This knowledge wouldn’t be possible without extraterrestrial influence — or by generations of astute study that was continuously passed down and improved upon. Modern science obviously leans towards the latter, but it is possible that scientists have also attributed too much astronomical meaning to the placement of the stones.

2 巨石陣

巨石陣的歷史可追溯至公元前2400年前，其建造目的和方法長久以來沒有定論。普遍認爲是人類建造了這個實際上的紀念碑，與此類似，人們在現代也曾使用原始工具立起過巨大的石頭。但是，古代宇航員理論支持者聲稱，石頭的位置證明古代人有預測日月食的能力。這種能力表明，古代人掌握了黃白道交點--地球軌道與月球軌道在太空中相交的兩點--的知識。沒有外星人的影響(或通過幾代人不斷傳承和改善的努力研究)，古人是不可能掌握這種知識的。現代科學顯然支持後一種猜測，但也有可能是科學家對巨石的位置賦予了過多的天文學含義。

1Pyramids of Giza

Similar to many other megalithic sites around the world, the Pyramids of Giza have been repeatedly attributed to extraterrestrials throughout the years, mostly because of the sheer magnitude of their construction. According to believers, the technology needed to build the massive monuments was not available to the Egyptians during the time they were built. The cuts and placement of the stones are said to be so precise that we cannot recreate them even in modern times. The placement of the pyramids themselves and the measurements contained within are also said to support the Ancient Astronaut Theory, such as the height of the Great Pyramid being an accurate, scaled-down measurement of the distance between Earth and the Sun, or the three Giza Pyramids correlating with the constellation Orion. Modern measuring techniques have proven hopeful ideas like those to be false, yet the rumors persist. The Pyramids of Giza do display a remarkable knowledge of engineering and measuring for their time period, but one would think that if creatures capable of interstellar travel were actually responsible for them, they would have done a better job.

1 吉薩金字塔

類似於世界各地的許多其他巨石建築羣，吉薩金字塔多年來一直被人們認爲是外星人的傑作，這主要是因爲它們巨大的工程量。據持此理論的人稱，在這些巨型紀念碑建造期間，埃及人還沒掌握建造這種紀念碑所需的技術。據說，這些石頭的放置和切割十分精確，以致於即使是在現代我們也無法複製它們。據說，金字塔本身的位置和內含的尺寸也能證明古代宇航員理論，例如大金字塔的高度恰好是地球到太陽之間距離按比例縮小的結果，另外，三個吉薩金字塔的位置與獵戶星座類似。現代測量技術已證明類似抱有希望的想法是錯誤的，但傳言仍在繼續。吉薩金字塔的確展示了建造當時的傑出工程和測量學知識，但有人會想，如果能夠進行星際旅行的生物真的是這些傑作的主人的話，那麼他們的工程質量應該會更好。

Religions

Believers in extraterrestrials have also pointed to religious texts to support their claims of a previous visitation. Proponents often mention the imagery in the Book of Ezekiel, or the vimanas of Hindu Vedic texts, while some religions, like Raelism and Scientology, hold the belief of extraterrestrials as basic tenets of their faith. One thing some Ancient Astronaut theorists like to mention as a modern day comparison are the so-called Cargo Cults. These “cults” arose when the primitive, indigenous populations of isolated islands were exposed to visitors from civilized countries. For example, U.S. soldiers landed on the tiny island of Tanna, Vanuatu, during WWII to build airstrips for their fight against Japan. The tribal inhabitants viewed the soldiers as gods, and accepted gifts from them as rewards from their deities. When the soldiers left as quickly as they came, the inhabitants began recreating their “rituals,” such as marching in formation and building makeshift landing strips and planes, in order to continue the delivery of their divine “cargo.” Some ufologists have speculated that ancient religions may have developed the same way, with extraterrestrials acting the part of American soldiers.

宗教

相信有外星人的人士還曾引述宗教文字來佐證外星人曾經來訪的觀點。支持者經常提及以西結書中的雕像，即印度吠陀文獻中的維曼拿斯(vimanas，印度文獻中記載的一種神話般的飛行器--譯者注)，而有些宗教(如雷爾教派和科學論派)將相信外星人的存在作爲其信仰的基本教義。一些古代宇航員理論支持者喜歡提及用來與當代作比較的一件事是所謂的貨物崇拜。這種“崇拜”在孤島上的原始、土著人遇到來自文明國家的來訪者時產生。例如，二戰期間，美國士兵曾登陸瓦魯阿圖一個叫塔納的小島，在島上建造機場，方便對日作戰。部落土著將這些士兵視爲天神，接受“神賜”禮物，認爲這是神對於他們虔誠的獎賞。當這些士兵們如同迅速到來那般迅速離開時，土著開始重新創建他們的“儀式”，如按隊列行進以及建造臨時機場和飛機，以便繼續上交他們的神聖“貨物”。一些UFO專家推測，古代宗教也可能是以同樣的方式發展的，只不過外星人取代了美國士兵的地位。