中國學者建議更改獨生子女政策大綱

A group of prominent Chinese scholars issued an open letter on Thursday calling for a rethink of the country's one-child policy, the second high-profile challenge to the long-standing law this week.

數名中國知名學者週四聯名發表公開信，要求政府重新考慮中國的獨生子女政策，這是中國長期實行的計劃生育政策本週第二次受到公然挑戰。

The group argued that the policy in its current form is incompatible with China's increasing respect for human rights and need for sustainable economic development. The letter comes less than a month after the story of a woman who was forced to undergo an abortion of her seven-month-old fetus ignited public anger.
這些學者認爲，目前的政策與中國人權意識的普遍增強和經濟可持續發展的需要不符。此前不到一個月，中國一名懷孕七個月的婦女被強制引產的事件引發了公衆的憤怒。

"The birth-approval system built on the idea of controlling population size as emphasized in the current Population and Family Planning Law does not accord with provisions on the protection of human rights contained in the nation's constitution," the authors of Thursday's letter wrote, adding that a rewriting of the law was "imperative."
週四發表的公開信中寫道，現行《人口與計劃生育法》強調控制人口數量，在此基礎上構建的生育審批制度既不符合我國憲法中的人權保護條款。他們還說，《人口與計劃生育法》的修改勢在必行。

Researchers with the Research Development Center, a prominent government-affiliated think tank, on Tuesday said in a newspaper opinion piece that Beijing should consider revising the policy. The researchers focused on China's aging population and a predicted dearth of young workers.
中國政府下屬的著名智庫機構國務院研究發展中心的研究員週二在報紙上發表觀點文章說，中國政府應該考慮調整中國的計劃生育政策。這些研究員主要討論了中國人口老齡化以及未來可能出現的年輕勞動人口短缺問題。

The list of signatories to Thursday's letter included several high-profile figures, including Beijing University sociologist Li Jianxin and Internet entrepreneur James Liang.
在週四的公開信上簽名的包括幾位擁有較高知名度的公衆人物，其中有北京大學(Peking University)社會學系教授李建新和互聯網行業的企業家樑建章等。

"This is a time during which people all over the world have realized there are problems with the [one-child] policy," Mr. Liang, the co-founder and chief executive of Chinese online travel site , told The Wall Street Journal.
中國在線旅行服務公司攜程旅行網()聯合創始人、首席執行長樑建章對《華爾街日報》說，現在全世界的人都意識到了獨生子女政策存在缺陷。

Mr. Liang, who has spent the past five years pursuing a Ph.D. in economics at Stanford University and just published a book challenging the notion that China has too many people, said he has felt a recent opening up of discussion around the one-child policy.
在過去五年裏，樑建章在斯坦福大學(Stanford University)攻讀了經濟學的博士學位，並且剛剛出版了一本挑戰中國人口過剩這一觀點的書。樑建章說，他感覺到最近社會上正圍繞獨生子女政策展開開公討論。

Family planning has been a hot topic of conversation on China's Internet ever since mid-June, when photographs of 23-year-old Feng Jianmei lying on a hospital bed next to her aborted seven-month-old fetus were posted online. Ms. Feng-who already has a 5-year-old daughter-was forced to terminate her pregnancy after she and her husband failed to come up with the cash to pay a 40,000 yuan ($6,300) fine for having a second child, family members said.
自6月中旬以來計劃生育就成爲了中國網民熱議的話題。當時23歲的馮建梅躺在醫院病牀上、身旁放着她被強制引產的七個月胎兒的照片被放到了網上。馮家人說，已經有一個五歲女兒的馮建梅夫婦因沒有能力繳納4萬元的二胎罰金而被強制引產。

The forced termination of Ms. Feng's pregnancy-for which the local government has apologized-drew widespread condemnation and prompted calls to eliminate the one-child rule.
馮建梅被強制引產一事引發外界廣泛譴責，並促使外界呼籲取消獨生子女政策。當地政府已經向馮建梅道歉。

The letter from Chinese scholars, though it gestured at the ominous economic implications of the policy, focused on issues of law and reproductive rights, specifically referring to Ms. Feng's forced abortion. "Behind these incidents are clear limitations and defects in the nation's family planning laws," it read.
這15位學者的公開信雖然也談到了計劃生育政策可能給經濟帶來的影響，但此信主要談論的還是法律和公民的生育權問題。公開信還特別談到了馮建梅遭強制引產一事。信中說，此事也凸顯了我國現行《人口與計劃生育法》的某些侷限性及立法缺陷。

Mr. Liang, who advocates a complete dismantling of the family-planning system rather than a two-child system put forward by others, said he initially became interested in the one-child policy when he came across research showing that innovation and entrepreneurship are dominated by young people. He said he feared a shrinking of the population of young people would hamper the country's efforts to evolve beyond being merely the world's factory.
樑建章說，他最初對獨生子女政策感到興趣是因爲他看到一項研究表明創新和創業爲年輕人所主導。樑建章認爲應該完全取消計劃生育政策，而不是像其他學者提出的那樣實行“二胎政策”。他說他擔心年輕人口的萎縮會阻礙中國的升級進步，令中國只能停留在世界工廠階段。

"From an economic perspective, the one-child policy is irrational. From a human-rights perspective, it's even less rational," Mr. Liang said.
樑建章說，從經濟角度看，一胎化政策並不合理。從人權角度看，這就更不合理。

Population experts note that prominent figures have called for changes to China's family-planning laws before, so far to little effect. China has loosened restrictions on some couples and is considering pilot schemes in several cities that would loosen the restrictions even further, but hopes for nationwide change have been dim.
人口專家指出，知名人士此前曾呼籲修改《人口與計劃生育法》，不過迄今爲止收效甚微。中國已經放鬆了對某些夫婦的生育限制，並正在考慮在多個城市進行試點以進一步放寬限制，但在全國範圍內放寬限制的可能微乎其微。

That history isn't lost on Mr. Liang. "In the short term, there isn't a lot of incentive to change things," he said. "The aim is to get people thinking more about this now so that we can solve the problems in the long term."
不過樑建章並沒有失望。他說，在短期內並沒有多少改革的動力。但我們的目標是讓人們現在更多地考慮這一問題，這樣我們才能在將來解決這個問題。