用英語說中國的秦朝
在日常的書籍閱讀中融入英語，可以有效的提高自己的英語水平。小編在此獻上用英語來了解中國的歷史文化，希望大家喜歡。
用英語說中國秦朝：Qin Great Wall 秦長城
After Qin Emperor Shihuang unified China, he sent forces led by general Meng Tian to suppress the Huns, and gained much land.
秦始皇統一中國後，他派將軍蒙恬爲首的部隊去鎮壓匈奴，並獲得遼闊的土地。
In order to guard against the attacks from the Huns, Meng Tian led soldiers to build the world-renowned Great Wall.
爲防範來自匈奴的攻擊，蒙恬率領戰士建造了舉世聞名的萬里長城。
In the Warring States Period (475----221B.C.), many states built the Great Wall as fortification.
在戰國時期 (公元前475-221年)，許多國家建造了長城作爲防禦工事。
The states of Qin, Zhao and Yan all once built some sections to resist the Huns invasions.
秦、趙、燕都曾建造部分長城以抵禦匈奴入侵。
It was not until the Qin Dynasty (221----206B.C.) that Meng Tian connected the separate walls to form a defensive system on the northern border.
直到秦朝(公元前221----206年)蒙恬纔將分散的牆壁連接起來，在北部邊境形成了一個防禦性的系統。
It took about nine years to finish and the wall stretched from Lintao (in the eastern part of today’s Gansu Prov-ince) in the west to Liaodong (in today’s Jilin Province) in the east.
這個龐大的工程耗費了九年的時間才得以完成，長城從臨洮(今甘肅省東部) 西部一直延伸到遼東(今吉林省)東部。
The 5 000-kilometer-long wall not only served as a defense in the north but also symbolized the power of the emperor.
綿延5000公里的長城不僅僅是北方的防禦工事，更代表着帝國的權力。
Further construction and extensions were made in the successive Han (206B.C.----220A.D.), Northern Wei (386----534), Northern Qi (550----577) and Sui (581----618) dynasties.
其後的漢朝(公元前206年----公元220年)，北魏(386----534)北齊(550----577)以及隋朝(581----618)都對長城進行了進一步的修繕和擴建。
And in terms of both length and quality, the later constructions were better than that made in Qin.
無論從長度還是質量上來看，這些後世的工程都比秦朝的要精良得多。
The present Great Wall in Beijing is mainly remains from the Ming Dynasty (1368----1644).
現今在北京保存下來的長城主要是明長城。
During this period, bricks and granite were used when the workers laid the foundation of the wall and sophisticated designs and passes were built in the places of strategic importance.
明朝時，石磚和花崗岩被用於建造長城的地基部分，而精密複雜的設計和關口則被建造在有重要戰略意義的位置。
To strengthen the military control of the northern frontiers, the Ming authorities divided the Great Wall into nine zones and placed each under the control of a Zhen (garrison headquarters).
爲加強對北方邊境的軍事控制，明朝廷將長城分爲九個區，將其安排在每個鎮 (駐軍總部)的控制下。
The Ming Wall starts from Yalujiang River (in today’s Heilongjiang Province), via today’s Liaoning, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, to Guansu.
明長城東起鴨綠江(今黑龍江省境內)，經過遼寧、 河北、 內蒙古、山西、陝西、寧夏，綿延12700裏(超過5000公里)，西止甘肅。
The total length reaches 12700 li (over 5 000 kilometers).
山海關和嘉峪關市迄今保存相對完好的兩個關口，它們坐落在長城的兩端。
The Shanhaiguan Pass and the Jiayuguarv Pass are two well-preserved passes at either end.
長城的高度在5到10米之間，每隔130米就有一個瞭望塔。
Its height varied from 5 to 10 meters and watch houses were built every 130 meters.
如果有敵人入侵，乾草摻雜狼糞，這在白天這可以充當送信兵——其燃燒後煙會高高地升起，哨兵因此得到了遠方的警告。
If enemies came to invade, hays blended with wolf shit was bum in the daytime, the smoke of which would rise very high so that sentinels could get the warn.
到了晚上，木柴硫一起燃燒會發出明亮的火焰，甚至幾公里外的哨兵都可以注意到。
At night, firewood combined with sulphur would make so bright a fire that sentinels miles away could get noticed.
我們在今天還可以看到秦長城的遺蹟。
We can see frie remains of the Qin Wall today.
距今山西大同5英里外的西北方有一座紫色的長城，名曰紫關。
Five miles to the north-west of Datong in Shanxi Province there is a purple wall whose name is Purple Pass.
甘肅省岷縣往西十公里處我們也可以找到的秦長城遺蹟。
And ten kilometers west to the Minxian city in Gansu Province we can also find remains of the Qin Wall.
而我們今天看到的著名的八達嶺長城始建於明朝。
The famous Badaling Great Wall we see today was built in the Ming Dynasty.
用英語說中國秦朝：Chen Sheng- Wu Guang Uprising 陳勝吳廣起義
Chen Sheng-Wu Guang Uprising was the first large-scale peasant uprising in Chinese history, which led to the downfall of the Qin Dynasty (221----206B.C.).
陳勝吳廣起義是中國歷史上第一次大規模的農民起義，起義最終推翻了秦朝(公元前206年----公元前221年)的統治。
In 210B.C, Qin Emperor Shihuang died on his inspection travel.
在公元前 210 年，秦始皇死在視察旅行中。
The eunuch Zhao Gao wrote a faked letter to Fusu in the name of the deceased emperor, ordering Fusu to commit suicide, and his younger brother Huhai, the deceased emperor's favorite, was installed as Second Emperor.
太監趙高以死去的秦始皇的名義僞造詔書，命令秦始皇鍾愛的大兒子扶蘇自殺，另立始皇幼子胡亥爲帝，即秦二世。
He was a cool-hearted and cruel ruler.
他是一個冷血殘忍的統治者。
In order to keep secret of Qin Emperor Shihuang's mausoleum, he plugged up the exit and killed all the workers in it.
爲了保護皇帝秦始皇的陵墓的祕密，他堵住了出口，殺了所有的工人。
In his first year, rebellions of the old nobility and peasantry broke out.
其當政第一年，舊貴族和農民的起義爆發了。
In 209B.C, Hu Hai, the Second Emperor, ordered 900 people in the Huaihe River region to Yuyang (today’s Miyun in Beijing) to keep guard.
公元前209年，秦二世胡亥，命令900餘人到榆陽(今北京密雲)的淮河地區戍邊。
It was July when it rained a lot.
時值七月，時常下雨。
When people arrived in Dazexiang (southwest in today’s Suxian County in Anhui Province), it began to rain cats and dogs; and they were bound to be late.
當人們抵達大澤鄉時(在今天的安徽省宿縣縣西南)，天降大雨，他們註定要遲到了。
According to the laws at that time, those who failed to observe deadlines would be sentenced to death.
根據當時的法律，那些未能遵守截止日期到達的人會被判處死刑。
People had no other choice but to rise up in revolt.
人們沒有其他選擇，只能站起來反抗。
Chen Sheng and Wu Guang were both from Henan Province.
陳勝、吳廣都來自河南省。
They led the peasants to attack and occupy finally the Chen County (today’s Hengyang in Henan Province), and they established their own regime of Zhangchu.
他們帶領農民，最終攻佔了陳縣(今衡陽河南省)，隨後建立了張楚政權。
Then their army sent westward by Chen Sheng to fight against Qin army was defeated by Zhang Han.
隨後陳勝指揮軍隊西進，與秦軍作戰的軍隊被打敗張韓。
Later, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang were murdered by their subordination.
後來，陳勝、吳廣被部下謀殺，剩餘的軍隊被劉邦和項羽收編。
And the rest of the army was surrendered to Liu Bang and Xiang Yu.
公元前 206 年，秦王朝迎來了其臭名昭著的瓦解，這個曾經輝煌的王朝最終倒在了由自己暴虐的荒淫無度的行爲所導致的民怨載道上。
In 206B.C, the Qin Dynasty came to an infamous end and the glorious dynasty fell victim to the fear and mistrust bred by its own despotic excesses.
