悲劇的誕生The Birth Of Tragedy 第55期:以犯罪爲榮

Man's highest good must be bought with a crime and paid for by the flood of grief and suffering which the offended divinities visit upon the human race in its noble ambition.

人能夠獲得的最美好最貴重的東西，他必須先犯罪而後得之，而又必須自食其後果，換句話說，神靈受到冒犯，定必降下源源不絕的苦難和哀傷來磨折高瞻遠矚的人類。

An austere notion, this, which by the dignity it confers on crime presents a strange contrast to the Semitic myth of the Fall

這一種以犯罪爲榮的沉痛思想，就同閃族人關於人類墮落的神話有天淵之別了。

a myth that exhibits curiosity, deception, suggestibility, concupiscence,

閃族的觀念把好奇，炫誇欺騙，不堪誘惑，淫蕩行爲，

in short a whole series of principally feminine frailties, as the root of all evil.

簡言之，把一系列主要是女性的激情，當作禍患之根源。

What distinguishes the Aryan conception is an exalted notion of active sin as the properly Promethean virtue;

反之，亞利安觀念的標誌，卻在於把主動犯罪看作普羅密修斯主要德行的這種崇高觀點；

this notion provides us with the ethical substratum of pessimistic tragedy,

與此同時，它又發現悲壯悲劇的道德基礎，

which comes to be seen as a justification of human ills, that is to say of human guilt as well as the suffering purchased by that guilt.

是替人類的不幸辯護，替人類的遺失及其因此而蒙受的苦難辯護。

The tragedy at the heart of things, which the thoughtful Aryan is not disposed to quibble away,

萬物根源所蘊含的災難，這一點，深思的亞利安人並不想以巧辯矇混過去，

the contrariety at the center of the universe, is seen by him as an interpenetration of several worlds,

宇宙心靈所懷蓄的矛盾，在他看來顯然是由於種種不同世界的交錯混亂，

as for instance a divine and a human, each individually in the right but each, as it encroaches upon the other, having to suffer for its individuality.

譬如說，神界與人界，這兩者分別來說都是合理的，但是，正因爲它們分庭抗禮，所以勢必各因其個性而經受痛苦。

The individual, in the course of his heroic striving towards universality, de-individuation, comes up against that primordial contradiction and learns both to sin and to suffer.

當個人英勇地努力追求共性，當他試圖跨過個性的界限，從而使自己變成唯一的宇宙生靈時，他定必經受那隱藏在萬物本質中的原始矛盾，也就是說，他越軌了，因此受苦。

The Aryan nations assign to crime the male, the Semites to sin the female gender;

所以，亞利安人把法律上的犯罪（DerFrevel）看作是男性的，閃族人把道德上的犯罪（DieSunde）看作是女性的，

and it is quite consistent with these notions that the original act of hubris should be attributed to a man, original sin to a woman.

正如原罪是男子犯的，而本罪是女子犯的。

For the rest, perhaps not too much should be made of this distinction,

又或許，不應該出現這麼多的差別，

cf. the chorus of wizards in Goethe's Faust:

再則，“浮士德”的女巫歌隊唱道：

If that is so, we do not mind it:

我們沒有算得絲毫不爽；

With a thousand steps the women find it;

總之女人走了一千步長，

But though they rush, we do not care:

儘管她們走得多麼匆忙，

With one big jump the men get there.

男人只須一躍便能趕上。