一名伊朗原教旨主義者在西方的性指南

Back in the 1990s when I was in my early teens, I was sent to the school office at Hoda Girls Middle School for being found in possession of a Michael Jackson videotape.

早在90年代當我還處在少年時，我被送到HODA女中的校辦因爲我被發現持有邁克爾傑克遜的錄像帶。

The school counselor forced to deal with me pulled her headscarf forward and glanced warily at the videotape on her desk. "Do you know this singer? Does anybody know whether he is a man or a woman?" she asked, not waiting for an answer before continuing, "they live like animals. They only want to satisfy their sexual urges. It makes no difference whether they sleep next to a man or a woman. They don't care if they have babies from dogs or…"

輔導員被迫向前扯下她的頭巾來對付我，且謹慎地掃視了她桌上的錄像帶。“你知道這個歌手嗎？有人知道他是男還是女嗎？”她問道。沒有等待答案再繼續，“他們活的像個動物。他們只想滿足他們的性衝動。他們是否睡在男人或女人旁都沒有差別。如果他們的孩子來自於狗或是什麼…他們也不會關心”

She lowered her voice and asked me: "Did you know that this very same singer or dancer or whatever you want to call him has relations with animals?" She pronounced the sentence as though she knew every detail of Michael Jackson's relations with animals. It was the first time that I had ever heard about bestiality, something that according to my counselor was very common in the West.

她降低了她的嗓音問我：“你知道這個歌手或舞者或無論什麼你想稱呼他的人與動物有交往嗎？”她斷然的宣判好像她知道邁克爾傑克遜和動物有交往的每個細節一樣。這是我第一次聽說獸交，在我輔導員看來某事在西方特別的尋常。

I thought back to that moment in the school office when I read statements this week by Mehdi Bayati, the cleric who directs Iran's Strategic Center for Chastity and Modesty. Back when I was in middle school, both my religion teacher and that school counsellor dedicated long hours to how Western men and women have lost their taste for one another, how they are emotionally broken and have turned to animals to satisfy their desires. All this was meant to encourage young students to observe the Islamic hejab, instilling fears in what would become of a society in which women were not sufficiently chaste.

當我讀到這周Mehdi Bayati,一個指導伊朗的貞潔和謙遜的戰略中心的牧師的報告時我回想起了在校辦的那個時刻。在我念中學時，我的宗教老師和輔導員都長時間的專注於西方的男女是怎麼失去對彼此的審美的，情感是怎麼破裂的和怎麼滿足自己的慾望轉向於動物的。所有的這一切是爲了鼓勵年輕的學生去觀察穆斯林的面紗，逐漸灌輸去恐懼一個女人不夠純潔的社會。

Without hejab, deviance creeps in

沒有着裝規定，越軌行爲便蔓延開來（hejab：1.伊朗的着裝規範，伊朗法律規定，女性在公共場合必須戴頭巾（頭髮與脖頸不能外露），穿過臀的衣服，如果穿裙子，則需至腳背。男性在公共場合則不能穿無袖衣服或短褲2.也可指女性佩戴的頭巾，面紗）

Mehdi Bayati has been putting forward the same argument as my middle school teachers. "The growth of feminism in the West and the fact the 60 percent of Western women prefer to sleep with dogs rather than men is the result of the absence of hejab and the diminished threshold of women's sexual arousal," he told the Resa News Agency, run by the Qom seminary.

Mehdi Bayati一直在談的的論點和我的初中老師們不謀而合。“西方女權運動的發展以及西方有60%的女性更願意和動物睡覺而不是男人這個事實，正是西方着裝規定的缺失和女性的性意識覺醒的門檻降低的後果。”他告訴庫姆（伊朗西北部城市）神學院旗下的新聞通訊社。

He did not specify the source of this figure, but referred to the provocative nature of women's hair. "It is said that the Prophet Mohammad stated that women's hair sexually arouses men," he said, conceded that "perhaps modern science has not proven this" but "it was said by somebody who only speaks the truth."

他沒有具體說明數據的來源，然後他又提到了女性頭髮的撩撥人的天性。他說：“據說先知穆罕默德曾說過，女人頭髮性感地撩撥着男人”，儘管他承認“現代的科技可能無法證明這種說法”，但（他同時又說道）“這是一位只說真理的人說的。”

Invoking one of the less frequently discussed rationales for imposed dress codes, Bayati also said that "the absence of hejab lowers the libido of men and this would not benefit women."

引用了一個爭論較少的強制着裝規範的根本原因（先知穆罕默德的話）之後，Bayati又說：“不戴頭巾降低了男人的性慾而這對女性是不利的”

Iranian clerics have long promoted Islamic hejab by arguing about sexual corruption or deviance in the West, but one of the strangest comments came earlier this year from the cleric Mohammad-Mehdi Mandegary, a member of ultra-conservative Endurance Front and the head of an organization called Foundation for Promoting the Way of the Martyrs.

伊朗的教士長期以來一直通過對西方的性墮落或者說性越軌行爲的抨擊進而來提倡伊斯蘭教的着裝規範，其中最奇怪的說法之一是今年早些時候由Mohammad-Mehdi Mandegary提出的,他是極端保守忍耐陣線的一員，同時也是“發揚殉道者之路基金會”的領導者。

Western satellite television can even pollute an embryo

衛星電視甚至可以污染胎兒

He declared that relations between Western women are sexually promiscuous in a manner not even found in the natural world. "In the West when one woman has relations with several men, they take pride in it,” he said. “But animals are different and a female of the species does not have relations with several males at the same time."

他宣稱西方女性的性生活的淫亂程度在動物界中甚至都找不到。“在西方，如果一個女人跟幾個男性保持性關係，她們會引以爲傲”他說到，“但是動物卻不一樣，雌性動物不會同時跟幾個雄性保持性關係。”

Mandegary, like many hardliners, believes Iranian culture has become too Westernized and distant from true Islamic culture. In a speech he asked Iranian men and women to abstain from sex after watching satellite TV so that the embryo would not be polluted by the banality. “Unfortunately some people are not careful about the moment of conception,” he said in warning. "They do it after watching satellite TV and listening to inappropriate music. But all this affects the embryo."

跟許多強硬派一樣， Mandegary認爲伊朗文化已經被過分西化並且遠離了真正的伊斯蘭文化。在一次演講中，他呼籲伊朗的男女在看完衛星電視之後不要發生關係，這樣就可以使胎兒免於腐朽事物的污染。“不幸的是有一些人並不重視受孕的那一刻，”他警告說，“他們在看完衛星電視之後做愛並且聽一些不合適的音樂。但是這些都會影響胎兒。”

Even leggings have been pulled into the fray. Recently tight leg apparel has become the focus of controversy among Islamic Republic officials, and were even brought to the floor of parliament by the Tehran MP Ali Motahari. In an open session he displayed pictures of women in leggings and argued in remarks broadcast on television that "sexual deviations, homosexuality and bestiality are results of unbridled behavior and the trampling of morality, which hejab would prevent."

甚至連打底褲都被牽連進了這場爭論。最近緊身服裝已經成爲伊朗官員們爭論的焦點，並且還被德黑蘭議員Ali Motahari展示給了伊朗議會的所有與會者，在一次公開的會議中，他展示了一些穿打底褲的女性的照片，並且在電視直播中爭辯道：“性變態，同性戀以及人獸性交都是放縱行爲以及踐踏道德的後果，而頭巾可以防止這些”

Americans even kiss differently

美國人甚至連親吻都很奇特

Another bizarre comment comes from Mohsen Gharaati, a cleric who is the representative of the Supreme Leader at the Literacy Campaign and a frequent TV personality. In a speech he declared that "Westerners have been cheated when it comes to sex." He then compared a kiss between an American boy and girl with the kisses that he used to get from his grandmother.

另一種奇怪的言論來自Mohsen Gharaati，文化運動中最高領袖的代表同時也是一位經常上電視的電視名人。再一次演講中他說道：“在涉及到性的方面時，西方人被愚弄了。”他接着把美國男孩女孩之間的接吻同他的祖母經常對他的親吻做了比較。

"When I was in America, I saw boys and girls who were kissing each other but it was as though they were kissing a brick wall," he said. "The kisses were not solid because perhaps this was the 96th person they were kissing that day. But when our grandmother kissed us it felt like she was sucking us in." When the audience laughed he added that "they think freedom would benefit them but they were cheated."

“當我在美國時，我發現男孩女孩在接吻的時候像是在親吻牆壁一樣，”他說，“這種接吻並不固定，因爲很有可能對方是自己今天接吻的第九十六個人。但是當我們祖母親吻我門的時候，他好像要把我們吞下去似的。”當聽衆笑的時候他又補充說道“他們認爲自由會使他們受益，但是他們被欺騙了。”

I turned to Hasan Yousefi Eshkevari, a reformist cleric who spent three years in prison for his political positions, to help me understand the religious or social context for such views. "These words astonish me as much as they amaze you," he said. "I ask myself whether these gentleman are delusional or have been given wrong information. But I cannot find a clear answer for such nonsense."

Hasan Yousefi Eshkevari，一位主張改革的教士並且曾因他的政治主張而入獄三年，我向他請教，幫我找到這種觀點的宗教或者社會方面的背景。“這些話不僅使你，也同樣使我十分驚訝，”他說，“我不知道他們是在欺騙大衆或者是得到的消息有誤。但是對於這些胡言亂語我（無論從社會方面還是宗教方面都）找不到一個合理的解釋”

A sensible cleric's view

一位理智的教士的觀點

Eshkevari noted that such views have a long history, and cited Abolhassan Banisadr, the first president of the Islamic Republic, who returned from Paris and justified imposed hejab by saying that 'women's hair radiates a spark that arouses men.'

Eshkevari注意到，這類觀點在很早以前就有了，並且舉出一個例子——伊朗首任總統Abolhassan Banisadr，他從巴黎回國之後說：“女性的頭髮散發着一種刺激男性性慾的氣質”通過這來證明強制要求佩戴頭巾是正確的。

Banisadr, according to Eshkevari, also interpreted a Koranic verse to mean that some women aroused when beaten. Ayatollah Makarem Shirazi interpreted the same verse in the same way about seven years ago, Eshkevari says, concluding that physical harm arouses some women. "If an Islamic thinker and a Western-educated man such as Banisadr resorts to everything to justify himself, what do you expect from Ayatollah Shirazi?" Eshkevari said.

據Eshkevari說，Banisadr還把《古蘭經》中的一個章節詮釋爲“當女性被打時，她們的性慾會被激起”，“伊朗伊斯蘭教什葉派領袖Ayatollah Makarem Shirazi在七年前也用相同的方法解釋了同一章節，” Eshkevari說，“並且得出結論：人身傷害會激起一些女性的性慾。”“如果一個伊斯蘭教的思想家，並且接受過西方的教育，像是Banisadr，都不擇手段地來證明自己是正確的，那麼對於Ayatollah Shirazi還能有什麼期待呢？”他說道。

But it is not only clerics and Islamic ideologues who use offensive words and images to describe the sexual life of Westerners. Last winter the commander of the Basij paramilitary force General Naghdi used this theme to criticize nuclear negotiations with the Americans. “Thirty-five percent of babies who are born in America are bastards,” he said, without citing a source for his statistics.

但是不只是教士和伊斯蘭教理論家使用攻擊性的語言或者比喻來描述西方人的性生活。去年冬天，準軍事力量組織Basji（伊斯蘭武裝力量動員隊）的指揮官Naghdi將軍就曾就這個方面來批評伊朗與美國進行的核談判。“在美國出生的嬰兒有35%都是私生子，”他說道，但並沒有指出數據的來源。

All manner of Godlessness in the West

西方的所有不敬神的行爲

A few months later Hassan Rahimpour Azghadi, a member of Iran's Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution, went even further in a speech about human rights. "In Western societies 75 percent of children do not know their fathers and are raised by their mothers," he told his audience. Defending death by stoning he asked "Why do Western countries consider this punishment against human rights?" He answered his own question by saying that "there are no sexual complexes in Islam because in Islam marriage makes faith complete whereas in Christianity marriage is not a godly affair."

幾個月之後，伊朗文化革命最高委員會成員之一Hassan Rahimpour Azghadi進行了一次更深層次的關於人權的演講，他告訴聽衆：“在西方社會，有75%的孩子是完全由母親撫養長大的，他們不知道自己的父親是誰。”爲了給石刑（注：一種鈍擊致死的死刑執行方式，即埋入沙土用亂石砸死）辯護，他問道：“爲什麼西方國家認爲這種刑罰違背了人權？”他自問自答的說道：“伊朗沒有混亂的性關係是因爲在伊朗，婚姻給人以徹底的信念（生活下去），而基督教的婚姻卻不是一件神聖的事情。”

Last month Hassan Abbasi, the head of the Center for Doctrinal Strategic Studies in the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps and a theoretician in the office of Supreme Leader, claimed that the "Western human rights approves of incest. Incest is very rare in animals but the Western man has debased himself so much that he supports incest as a human right."

上個月，伊斯蘭革命衛隊的宗教戰略所的帶頭人、最高領袖辦公室的專家組成員之一Hassan Abbasi講到：“西方所謂的人權提倡亂倫，而亂倫即使在動物界中也很少見，但西方人卻自取其辱的把亂倫也認爲是人的一種權利。”

"In America 100 percent of men have free sexual relations after marriage," he said in another speech, which was aired on TV. "While in Iran perhaps two men out of ten thousand might marry a second wife. Listen to them shout about equality between men and women."

“在美國，每個男人在婚後都會依舊保持自由的性生活”他在另一個電視上公開的演講上說到，“然而在伊朗，一萬個男人中可能最多有兩個人會娶第二個妻子。聽聽，（這就是）他們叫嚷着的男女平等！”

Abbasi then referred to Anousheh Ansari, an Iranian-American astronaut and the first Iranian woman in space. "The basis of the Shi'a thought is chastity and the West uses women to destroy Shi'ism. Why did they send this woman Anousheh Ansari into space with a few men? They want to kill chastity. This is the main plank of feminism and feminism is the foundation of American lifestyle."

Abbasi接下來又提到了Anousheh Ansari，一個伊朗裔美籍女宇航員並且是第一個進入太空的伊朗女性。“什葉派的基本思想就是（保持）貞潔，而西方卻通過女人來破壞什葉派的教義。他們爲什麼會把Anousheh Ansari這個女人和幾個男性宇航員一塊送入太空？他們想消滅貞潔。這也是女權運動的基本綱領並且女權主義又是美國生活方式的基礎”

Reading and researching such statements, I wonder how widely held such attitudes still are today, among mainstream Iranians. On a whim I went on Facebook and searched for my old school counselor, who in her profile picture still wears hejab but not as strictly as in those days.

閱讀並且研究這些說法之後，我在想，當今伊朗人的主流社會中人有多大範圍的人持有這種觀點。由於一時的性質，我到臉譜網上搜索了一下以前我們學校的輔導員，在她的一張側面的相片中她仍然戴着頭巾，但並沒有以前那麼嚴格了。

I noticed a picture of her daughter, who was our classmate, and out of curiosity visited her page. She was not wearing hejab but more surprising that that, is married to an Englishman. I was reminded of what her mother, the school counselor, told us so many years ago: "Ninety percent of Westerners have sexual problems. They are not aroused and most of them have relations with animals."

我注意到她女兒的一張相片，我跟她女兒是同學，由於好奇我訪問了她的主頁。我發現她並沒有戴頭巾，並且更使人驚訝的是她跟一個英國男人結婚了。這是我想起了她的母親，我們學校的輔導員，曾經告訴我們說：“90%的西方人都有性方面的問題。他們很難被激起性慾並且他們大多數都跟動物發生關係”