假如你有450億美元 你會捐給誰
Mark Zuckerberg, the co-founder and chief executive of Facebook, and his wife, Dr. Priscilla Chan, made a bold statement on Tuesday: In honor of the birth of their daughter, they said they would give 99 percent of their Facebook shares to charitable purposes. That amounts to about $45 billion.
Facebook聯合創始人兼首席執行官馬克·扎克伯格(Mark Zuckerberg)和妻子普莉希拉·陳(Priscilla Chan)在週二發表了一份大膽的聲明，稱爲了紀念女兒的降生，他們將把所持Facebook股份的99%用於慈善事業。這些股票目前市值約450億美元。
While philanthropy by the rich is not a new concept, Silicon Valley’s newer billionaires appear eager to spread their wealth while they are still young. Yet Mr. Zuckerberg, 31, and his wife, 30, are entering largely uncharted waters with a charity effort of such scale. Other than noting that their initial focus would be on education, curing disease, connecting people and building communities, their announcement was vague on specifics.
富人做慈善並不新鮮，但硅谷的新一代富豪，似乎迫切地想在還很年輕時就把自己的財富捐獻出去。一筆如此鉅額的捐獻，意味着31歲的扎克伯格和30歲的妻子將進入一個在很大程度上仍屬未知的領域。除了表示一開始會側重於教育，疾病治療，把大家連接起來，以及建立社區外，夫婦兩人的聲明細節模糊。
It made us wonder how others would use that money, so we put the question to readers. If they had $45 billion to spend, what charities or causes would they support? We received hundreds of responses from readers around the world. They ranged from ideas for stemming the effects of climate change to providing homes to the homeless to fostering mental health. Below is a selection.
這讓我們好奇，如果是別人會怎麼用那筆錢。於是，我們把問題拋給了讀者。如果有450億美元，他們會支持什麼樣的慈善機構或事業？他們想法多樣，從遏制氣候變化的影響到爲無家可歸的人提供住所，再到促進心理健康。以下是選登內容。
Casimir Guzowski, 38, Reading, Pa.
卡西米爾·古佐夫斯基(Casimir Guzowski)，38歲，賓夕法尼亞州雷丁
If I had the $45 billion to donate to any cause, I would start a renewable energy business that paid for people in need to install solar or wind generation on their homes. This would allow them to heat and light their homes while generating green credits. The extra money from the energy production could be sold to the power companies, lowering the nation’s carbon footprint. The money from the sale of this surplus energy could be either used to pay back the initial investment to install the green technology so the program could continue on or allow the families in these homes to have a small amount of extra pocket cash to help them with whatever they need.
如果有450億可以捐給任何事業，我會創辦一家可再生能源公司，出錢給需要的人家裏安裝太陽能或風能發電技術。這樣既能給他們家裏提供照明和供電，又能產生綠色積分。多餘的電可以賣給電力公司，減少國家的碳足跡。出售多餘的電帶來的收入，要麼用來償還安裝綠色技術的初始投資，以確保這個項目能繼續下去，要麼讓那些家庭當做一小筆額外的零用錢，用在他們需要的任何事情上。
Annemarie Latimer, 71, Columbia, N.J.
安娜瑪麗·拉蒂默(Annemarie Latimer)，71歲，新澤西州哥倫比亞
The Salvation Army, because they give most of their contributions to the people that need it.
救世軍，因爲他們把大部分捐款都給了需要的人。
Research for pancreatic cancer because it took my mother.
胰腺癌研究，因爲胰腺癌奪去了我母親的生命。
Addiction research because I work with addiction clients.
嗜癮研究，因爲我的客戶中有癮君子。
Any effort to get rid of Monsanto because they are destroying America.
所有致力於關閉孟山都公司(Monsanto)的行動，因爲他們正在毀滅美國。
Domestic violence centers because I know and knew so many people who were affected by it.
家庭暴力中心，因爲我現在和過去都知道，家暴影響了很多人。
Any public health agency who is nonprofit, whose C.E.O.s don’t get the most benefit.
首席執行官不是最大獲益人的任何非營利公共衛生機構。
All the children in poor families, because I have seen children suffer when the parents spent their money foolishly on themselves.
所有家庭貧困的孩子，因爲我看到過家長愚蠢地把錢花在自己身上時，孩子多遭罪。
Dental care for the people who need it and are unable to afford it.
幫助那些需要獲得口腔保健，但卻無力承擔費用的人。
Emotional and physical care for all rape victims, because so many people stigmatize them.
爲強姦受害者提供情感和身體照顧，因爲有太多人污衊他們。
All child prostitutes and adult prostitutes because no one wants to be in that position because it is abuse. This includes trafficked victims.
所有雛妓和成年娼妓，因爲沒人願意陷在這種備受虐待的處境。這也包括人口買賣的受害人。
All torture victims because they need so much counseling.
所有酷刑受害者，因爲他們需要太多心理輔導。
Tax credits for single people because they are too heavily taxed, proportionately.
爲單身者提供稅收抵免，因爲從比例上說，他們承擔的稅負太重。
Counseling for children of divorce because they are heavily impacted.
輔導離婚家庭的孩子，因爲他們受到了嚴重影響。
Counseling for abused people, regardless of the type of abuse.
輔導遭受虐待的人，無論他們遭受的是哪種虐待。
All single mothers and fathers who have difficulty providing for their children.
所有撫養孩子有困難的單親父母。
Daniel Mokrauer-Madden, 29, Bangalore, India
丹尼爾·莫克勞爾-麥登(Daniel Mokrauer-Madden)，29歲，印度班加羅爾
I would invest in education in communities around the world. Philanthropy has tended toward short-term measurable impact. This is an improvement over the past, but it also means that some sectors that see change over the longer term are seriously neglected. Investments in human capital are one of the most important ways to shift countries’ growth curves upward. This means formal and informal education, working with rural primary schools, setting up research facilities at universities, establishing training programs for adults and much more.
我會投資於世界各地的社區教育。慈善事業往往傾向於可衡量的短期影響。這比起過去是一個進步，但也意味着一些要長時間才見成效的部門受到了嚴重忽視。人力資本投資是國家增長曲線上揚的重要途徑之一。這意味着正規和非正規教育、鄉村小學工作、在大學設立研究機構、建立成人培訓系統，以及更多的其他方案。
Rashaad Denzel, 24, New York
拉沙德·丹澤爾(Rashaad Denzel)，24歲，紐約
I would give away my $45 billion to improve the mental wellness among Americans. Oftentimes when we think of one being “sick” we think of a common cold, stomach flu or some sort of terminal illness. Hardly ever do we recognize depression as a sickness. I would pump resources into brain research and increase the funding for mental health facilities.
我會把我的450億投放到提高美國人的心理健康上。當我們想到“生病”時，通常會聯想到普通的感冒、腸胃炎或某種絕症。我們幾乎沒有認識到抑鬱也是一種病。我會把資源投入到大腦的研究，加大精神健康機構的經費。
Ahmed Al Bayati, 25, Miami, Fla.
艾哈邁德·巴亞提(Ahmed Al Bayati)，25歲，佛羅里達州邁阿密
I would use the money to improve the education system in impoverished areas as it is my believe that doing so would solve many of the challenges our society faces. There’s a lack of access to opportunity that has crippled poor communities. Good education is the ladder that people can use to climb their way out of poverty. I used it myself to escape war-torn Baghdad. Among the poor kids in the United States is the next Steve Jobs, the next Barack Obama, and the scientist who will make a breakthrough in treating cancer. But none of that is possible if we don’t make it easier to join a good school than to join a gang.
我會用這筆錢改善貧困地區教育系統，我認爲這樣做會解決社會面臨的很多挑戰。得不到機會令貧困社區舉步維艱，而人們可以透過良好的教育來擺脫貧困。我就是用它來逃離了飽受戰爭蹂躪的巴格達。下一個史蒂夫·喬布斯、下一個貝拉克·奧巴馬、在治療癌症方面取得突破性進展的科學家，或許就在美國的窮孩子們當中。但是如果我們不把他們進入好學校變得比加入幫派容易，這些就都不可能實現。
Mitchell Zimmerman, 73, Palo Alto, Calif.
米歇爾·齊默爾曼(Mitchell Zimmerman)，73歲，加利福尼亞州帕洛阿爾託
I would give billions to (1) basic research relating to global warming and (2) perhaps even more important, a massive educational and public relations campaign designed to force Americans to confront the reality and urgency of climate change.
我想把數百億美元花在：（1）關於全球變暖的基礎研究；（2）或許更重要的是，開展一項大規模教育和公關運動，迫使美國人面對氣候變化的現實性和緊迫性。
Maksim Surguy, 29, Federal Way, Wash.
馬克西姆·瑟蓋(Maksim Surguy)，29歲，華盛頓州費德勒爾韋
I would spend a few billion to buy patent portfolios of companies in the following industries and make them available to anyone:
我會花數十億收購在以下行業的公司專利，讓所以人都可以享用：
Food (agriculture, water desalination, genetics)
糧食（農業、海水淡化、遺傳學）
Energy (renewables, bio, solar)
能源（可再生能源、生物質能、太陽能）
Medicine (drugs, chemical compounds, methods)
醫藥（藥物、化合物、方法）
Then I would invest a billion dollars into machine-learning development, specifically hardware that doesn’t exist yet, and create a marketplace of smart algorithms that can learn on their own. These algorithms will be used to further improve methods and processes to grow food, produce energy and help create new medicine. The rest of the money would be used to combat climate change and to automate mining resources on other planets instead of our own.
然後，我將投資十億美元到研發機器學習上，尤其是研發還不存在的硬件，並創造一個可以自我學習的智能算法市場。這些算法將被用於進一步改善糧食種植、能源生產的方法和過程，並幫助創造新藥物。剩下的錢將用於應對氣候變化，及在其他行星上自動開採礦產資源。
Wulin, 40, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
吳林（Wulin，音)，40歲，加拿大艾伯塔省卡爾加里
I would use the money to solve the dilemma all humans have: aging and space colonization. If we can extend our human life expectancy to experience more human activities while humans live in the space. As Stephen Hawking said: “The human race shouldn’t have all its eggs in one basket ...”
我會用這筆錢解決所有人類都有的難題：衰老和太空殖民。如果我們能夠延長人類的壽命去體驗更多，並在太空生活，那該有多好。正如斯蒂芬·霍金所說：“人類不應該把所有的雞蛋放在一個籃子裏......”
Marti Elkins, 62, Flat Rock, N.C.
馬蒂·埃爾金斯(Marti Elkins)，62歲，北卡羅來納州弗拉特羅克
I would build more subsidized housing for seniors who are still trying to pay off their adult children’s student loans living on a fixed income. I would build tiny houses for the homeless. I would provide expensive medicine for veterans who can’t afford it and the V.A. won’t pay for. We owe them everything for our freedom. I would invest in state-of-the-art mental health facilities to treat those poor souls who are on the street and no one helps and everyone ignores unless they kill people. I would provide educational scholarships to underprivileged students. Keep your donations mostly in the United States. People tend to forget how much poverty exists here. This will eventually make our country stronger again. Make free medical and dental clinics available because in spite of Obamacare, lots of people still can’t afford either and just accept the tax penalty. Give money to our National Park Service. They are one of our greatest treasures; do away with expensive entrance fees so everyone can enjoy them. They belong to all of us.
我會爲一些年長的人建造更多補貼住房，因爲他們只有固定收入，但還在努力清還成年子女的學生貸款。我會爲無家可歸者建微型住所。我會爲一些退伍軍人提供昂貴藥品，因爲他們買不起，而退伍軍人事務部又不會買給他們。我們一切的自由，都有賴於他們。我會投資最先進的心理健康機構，治療那些在街頭流浪沒有人幫助的可憐人。他們被所有人忽略，除非殺了人。我會爲貧困學生提供教育獎學金。主要在美國捐款吧。人們往往會忘記這裏有多貧窮。最終這將使我們的國家再次強大起來。建設免費醫療和牙科診所，因爲儘管有奧巴馬醫改，很多人還是負擔不起，而只能接受稅務懲罰。把錢給我們的國家公園管理局(National Park Service)。國家公園是我們最珍貴的東西之一；廢除昂貴的入場費，讓每個人都能享用它們。它們是屬於我們大家的。
Randy Rehwoldt, 66, Grand Junction, Colo.
蘭迪·瑞沃特(Randy Rehwoldt)，66歲，科羅拉多州大章克申
I would use existing organizations with proven track records. I would do it this way to avoid the problem Mark had with his first experience in his giving. I think the Salvation Army is one good organization to use, for they have proven themselves.
我會選擇有可靠業務記錄的現有組織。我會這樣做來避免馬克第一次捐款時的經歷。我覺得救世軍是一個很好的選擇，因爲他們已經證明了自己。
Ron Bannon, 58, Newark, N.J.
羅恩·班農(Ron Bannon)，58歲，新澤西州紐瓦克
Randomly to individuals on earth. The amount would equal the average local yearly wage. No strings attached.
隨機送給地球上任何一個人。相當於當地年平均工資，不會有任何附加條件。
Angelo Paraiso-Arroyo, 17, Berkeley, Calif.
安傑洛·帕拉伊索-阿羅約(Angelo Paraiso-Arroyo)，17歲，加利福尼亞州伯克利
If I had $45 billion, I would give it to struggling small businesses. They are middle-class Americans and are necessary in order to have a strong economy. If they flourish, we all prosper. Plus, who needs $45 billion? Who needs a million dollars? Money comes and goes but the future is forever. Forty-five billion dollars is a gift, and like all gifts, it is always the thought that counts.
如果我有450億美元，我會給陷入困境的小型企業。他們構成了美國的中產階級，對於強大的經濟體來說，這也是必須的。如果他們蓬勃發展，大家也就都能富足。而且，又有誰需要450億美元呢？誰需要一百萬美元呢？財來財去，未來纔是永遠的。450億美元是一份禮物，跟所有禮物一樣，心意纔是最重要的。
Dange Cris Bejoc, 21, Cebu City, Philippines
丹吉·克里斯·貝周克(Dange Cris Bejoc)，21歲，菲律賓宿霧市
Mainly, I will build two foundations for those who are handicapped and for the homeless abandoned children. First reason is I want to help those who are disabled to see life differently and for them to see their true value despite of being incomplete. Give them training, education to mold their skills and talents. Second reason, for the homeless abandoned children so that they will feel that they are at home, protected by those people who love and respect them.
主要來說，我會爲殘疾人士和遭遺棄的無家可歸的兒童建立兩個基金會。第一是因爲，我想幫助那些殘疾人士看到不同的人生，讓他們看到自己的真正價值，儘管身體不健全。我想爲他們提供培訓和教育，培養他們的技能和才華。第二是因爲，我想幫助遭遺棄的無家可歸的兒童，讓他們覺得自己是在家裏，有愛護與尊重他們的人保護。
Noah Weiss, 13, Los Angeles
諾亞·韋斯(Noah Weiss)，13歲，洛杉磯
I would give $45 billion to Alzheimer’s research, because my great-grandma suffers from it, and other organizations around the globe.
我的曾祖母得了阿爾茨海默氏症，所以我會把450億美元捐給有關它的研究，還有世界各地的其他組織。
Kate Krauss, 52, Philadelphia
凱特·克勞斯(Kate Krauss)，52歲，費城
I would announce a $1 billion prize for a scalable cure for AIDS we are close, but the funding is not there. I would offer $1 billion in grants to support an eclectic group of AIDS activists, who have been very successful over the years in supporting medical research. The rest of the money should go to other diseases and priorities.
我會頒發十億美元獎金給可大規模運用的艾滋病療法我們目前接近成功，但卻沒有資金。我也會捐贈十億美元，支持各種艾滋病活動人士。他們多年來一直非常成功地在支持醫學研究。其餘的錢則該用在其他疾病和優先項目上。
