共產主義風投 政府驅動的中國創業潮(上)

HANGZHOU, China — In Dream Town, a collection of boxy office buildings on the gritty edge of this historic city, one tiny company is developing a portable 3-D printer.

中國杭州——在位於這座歷史名城郊區的一片四四方方的辦公樓羣夢想小鎮內，一座小公司正在研發便攜式3D打印機。

Another takes orders for traditional Chinese massages by smartphone.

另一家則通過智能手機提供中國傳統的推拿服務。

They are just two of the 710 start-ups being nurtured here.

它們只是在這裏孵化的710家創業公司中的兩個。

Anywhere else, an incubator like Dream Town would be a vision of venture capitalists, angel investors or technology stalwarts.

放在別的地方，像夢想小鎮這樣的孵化器勢必是出自風險資本家、天使投資人或技術中堅分子的構想。

But this is China.

但這裏是中國。

The Chinese Communist Party doesn’t trust the invisible hand of capitalism alone to encourage entrepreneurship, especially since it is a big part of the leadership’s strategy to reshape the sagging economy.

中國共產黨不相信單憑不可見的資本之手就可以鼓勵創業，尤其是考慮到，重塑陷入疲軟的中國經濟是這屆領導層的發展戰略的一個重要部分。

Which is why the government of Hangzhou — a former royal capital that has been a major commercial hub for more than a millennium — built Dream Town and lavishes resources on start-ups.

這是杭州市政府建設夢想小鎮，在創業公司上投入大批資源的原因。

The businesses here get a slate of benefits like subsidized rent, cash handouts and special training, all courtesy of the city.

在這座有千年歷史的商業中心和古都裏，這些公司可以享受包括房租優惠、現金補貼和特殊培訓在內的一系列好處，它們都由政府買單。

Chemayi, which offers car repair services through a smartphone app, is staying rent-free at Dream Town for three years and is applying for as much as $450,000 in subsidies from city authorities to help pay salaries and buy equipment.

車螞蟻是一家通過智能手機應用提供車輛維修服務的公司，它已經在夢想小鎮享受了三年的免租金待遇，而且正在向市政府申請高達45萬美元的補貼，用於支付員工薪資和採購設備。

From the central government all the way down to local governments, we have seen a lot of warm support, said Li Liheng, co-founder and chief executive of Chemayi.

我們看到，從中央到地方政府，都給予了很多熱情的支持，車螞蟻聯合創始人兼首席執行官李立恆說。

For much of China’s long economic boom, young people flocked to manufacturing zones for jobs making bluejeans or iPhones.

在中國時間不短的經濟繁榮期裏，年輕人多數時候都是涌向工業區，尋找加工牛仔褲或iPhone的工作。

But today China is trying to move beyond just being the world’s factory floor.

然而現在，中國正試圖超越世界工廠的角色。

Policy makers want the next generation to find better-paying work in modern offices, creating the ideas, technologies and jobs to feed the country’s future growth.

決策者想要下一代在現代化的辦公室內找到待遇更好的工作，讓他們創造新觀念、新技術和新工作機會，以保證中國在未來的持續增長。

Premier Li Keqiang frequently calls for mass entrepreneurship.

國務院總理李克強曾多次呼籲大衆創業。

In March at the National People’s Congress, he bragged that 12,000 new companies were founded each day in 2015.

在今年3月舉行的全國人民代表大會上，他不乏自豪地宣稱，2015年中國每天有1.2萬家新公司成立。

The entrepreneurial embrace comes with lots of financial support.

這種對創業的支持包括許多財務上的扶持。

Across the country, officials are creating investment funds, providing cash subsidies and building incubators.

全國各地的官員都在設立投資基金，提供現金補助和打造孵化器。

Without these kinds of subsidies, you only rely on private money, and you wouldn’t see so many technology start-ups happening today, said Ning Tao, a partner at Innovation Works, a venture capital fund in Beijing.

沒有這類補貼，只靠個人資金，我們不會看到有這麼多創業公司涌現出來，位於北京的風險投資基金創新工場的合夥人陶寧說。

Without quantity, you cannot have quality.

沒有數量，就難求質量。

But the heavy spending is adding to worries about an inflating bubble in the world of China’s tiniest companies.

然而這種巨大的投入讓人們愈發擔心，中國的這些小公司正面臨越來越大的泡沫。