好萊塢是如何拍攝性愛場面的

To hear most actors tell it, filming sex scenes is no turn-on. There are big cameras, of course, and big crew members that come with them. It’s a performance with a stranger-turned-scene-partner, for a director who’s judging every caress and whimper. It’s the antithesis of hot, stars assure us on late-night TV; it’s awkward and tense. Speak to the filmmakers, though, and you get a different take.

根據大多數演員的說法，拍性愛戲沒什麼可興奮刺激的。當然啦，片場有大大的攝像機，還有大羣劇組人員跟着。和你一起表演的是剛剛變成拍片搭檔的陌生人，導演在一旁對你們的每次愛撫和嗚咽做出評判。在深夜電視節目中，明星們告訴我們，拍性慾戲完全是熱辣性感的反面，是笨拙而緊張的體驗。但製片人們又是另一種說法。

“I personally am very excited when we shoot sex scenes,” said Sarah Treem, a creator of the Showtime series “The Affair.” “Because I think they can be transgressive; they can be very, very real.”

“拍性愛戲的時候我個人覺得挺興奮的，”映時臺(Showtime)電視劇《醜聞》(The Affair)的主創莎拉·特里姆(Sarah Treem)說，“因爲我覺得它們可能是違法的；也可能非常、非常真實。”

When they work, she added, “everybody actually enjoys them.”

她還說，一旦拍攝成功，“所有人都會喜歡它們。”

Audiences certainly do, if the blockbuster success of “Fifty Shades of Grey” is any measure. But they are delicate moments to capture. “We did actually save the explicit sex to the final week” of shooting, said Seamus McGarvey, the cinematographer of “Fifty Shades of Grey,” based on E. L. James’s S-and-M-centered novel — though on-screen, some of the whipping is created via digital imagery.

從《五十度灰》(Fifty Shades of Grey) 的轟動性成功來看，觀衆當然喜歡。但性愛戲是需要悉心捕捉的微妙時刻。“我們確實把最直白的性愛戲放在最後一週拍攝，”《五十度灰》的攝影師謝默斯·麥克加維(Seamus McGarvey)說，這部影片根據E·L·詹姆斯(E.L. James)的虐戀小說改編，片中有些鞭笞的鏡頭是用數碼技術實現的。

To simulate sex, actors employ tricks: pillows between them, prosthetics and body stockings, and push-ups to get their muscles bulging. But the movement is often improvised. “If it’s overly rehearsed or overly thought through, it seems like a bad soft-core porn on Cinemax,” said Judd Apatow, the auteur of raunchy rom-coms (and a producer of “Girls”). In the forthcoming comedy “Trainwreck,” Mr. Apatow directed the writer and comedian Amy Schumer in her first big-screen sex scenes; she pumped herself up by listening to Beyoncé in her trailer.

爲了模擬性愛，演員們使用一些技巧：兩人之間隔着枕頭，他們還會使用假體化妝和連體緊身衣，做俯臥撐讓肌肉鼓起來。但動作常常是即興的。“如果過度排練或想得太多，感覺就像是電影業內拙劣的軟性色情片，”情色浪漫喜劇片導演和《都市女孩》(Girls)的製片人賈德·阿帕託(Judd Apatow)說。在即將上演的喜劇《火車出軌》(Trainwreck)中，阿帕託指導編劇兼喜劇演員艾米·舒默(Amy Schumer)初次嘗試大屏幕上的性愛戲，她在自己的片場拖車裏聽碧昂斯(Beyoncé)，好讓自己興奮起來。

On “Fatal Attraction,” Michael Douglas and Glenn Close were loosened up with Champagne and margaritas, said Adrian Lyne, the director of that sexually charged classic as well as “Indecent Proposal” and “Unfaithful.”

經典情色電影《致命吸引力》(Fatal Attraction)的導演阿德里安·萊恩(Adrian Lyne)說，拍攝該片時，邁克爾·道格拉斯(Michael Douglas)和格倫·克洛斯(Glenn Close)靠香檳和龍舌蘭酒放鬆，萊恩的《桃色交易》(Indecent Proposal)和《不忠》(Unfaithful)也是情色佳作。

Naturally, not all steamy scenes are amorous. Some, like those in Jean-Marc Vallée’s “Wild” and “Dallas Buyers Club,” are meant to be uncomfortable, and those are among the most difficult to create.

當然，並非所有涉及性愛的戲都是色情的，比如讓-馬克·瓦雷(Jean-Marc Vallée)的《涉足荒野》和《達拉斯買傢俱樂部》(Dallas Buyers Club)裏面的性愛都讓人感到不舒服，這樣的場面是最難拍的。

In individual telephone conversations, these film professionals discussed one of the weirder aspects of their jobs, the logistics of sex on screen.

在分別進行的電話採訪中，這些電影專家暢談電影工作中一件奇怪的事：性愛戲背後的準備工作。

Write, rehearse and choreograph? Or just let the camera roll?

要寫東西、要彩排，要設計動作？還是乾脆把攝像機打開就行了？

Sarah Treem There’s a difference between the way that sex scenes are written and performed. We do have detailed stage directions. A lot changes on the day you’re shooting sex scenes, because they are so vulnerable for the actors. Some actors would say it’s them at the most honest.

莎拉·特里姆：寫下來的性愛戲和演出來的性愛戲之間是有區別的。我們的確有詳細的表演指示。到真正拍性愛戲的當天會有很多變化，因爲這樣的戲對於演員來說太微妙了。有些演員會說，他們纔是誠實付出最多的。

Amy Schumer I think I overwrote the sex scenes. It was probably half a page of very specific stage directions before I even said one word in the movie.

艾米·舒默：我覺得關於性愛戲我寫得太多了。大概在我在片中的角色張口之前，我寫了半頁非常詳細的表演指示。

Judd Apatow I took photos of every possible angle you could have sex in, but then on the day, all of it goes out the window. There’s only so many places you can put the camera for that activity.

賈德·阿帕託：我在拍性愛戲的佈景地點，從每個角度拍照片，但到了拍攝當天，一切都被丟到一邊去了。拍那種戲的時候，能放攝像機的地方有那麼多。

Seamus McGarvey We did have rehearsals and to make the actors feel comfortable initially, look at how we might photograph the sex. Also, that suited the first few sex scenes, to have a slight awkwardness to them; the camera would be more at a distance. In the Red Room, when things heat up a little bit, that was less choreographed. Sometimes we would use a remotely operated camerahead so the actors wouldn’t have an operator leaning in.

謝默斯·麥克加維：我們確實會排練，先讓演員覺得自在，我們也看看該怎麼拍攝性愛。另外，爲了表現他們剛開始做愛有些笨拙，鏡頭應當離得遠一些。在“紅房間”兩人之間的熱情有點升溫，就不需要設計那麼多動作了。有時候我們會用遠程控制的頂部攝像機，這樣演員就不會受攝像機操作者的干擾。

Adrian Lyne You try and create a situation where there are possibilities. I’ve always thought that sort of grabbed sex is more fun than that statuesque sort of bedroom stuff. So in “Fatal Attraction,” the scene where they [have sex] over the sink, I knew it had humorous possibilities because there was plates and cups in the sink. If you don’t get some humor in, the audience will laugh at you, because they’re nervous watching it.

阿德里安·萊恩：你試着創造出一個有各種可能性的情景。我總是想，那種激烈的性愛比臥室裏安靜的性愛更有意思。所以在《致命吸引力》裏，他們在水槽邊做愛，我知道這有幽默的可能性，因爲水槽裏還有杯盤。如果你不放進一點幽默，觀衆會嘲笑你，因爲他們看着這種戲會覺得非常緊張不安。

Jean-Marc Vallée There was no specific choreography, but there’s a way of setting a tone. Restricted crew, it’s just available light where we can move 360 degrees with the camera — this is the intention, and let’s see where it goes from there. [In “Wild”] it wasn’t specifically planned for this guy to take Reese [Witherspoon], to turn her on her back, and take her from behind, but it just happened as we were shooting. And [in “Dallas Buyers Club”] with Matthew [McConaughey], at one point he had a threesome, with two girls in this trailer home with his friend watching him, and he was on fire.

讓-馬克·瓦雷：沒有特殊的動作設計，不過要設計一種基調。對工作人員做出要求，要有足夠的光線，讓我們可以360°移動鏡頭——目的就是這樣，然後讓我們看看在這兒拍會怎樣。（在《涉足荒野》中），和瑞茜·威瑟斯彭(Reese Witherspoon)做的男人到她背上，從身後和她做，這不是特意設計的，就是拍攝時自然發生的。在《達拉斯買傢俱樂部》裏，馬修·麥康納(Matthew McConaughey)有一場3P戲，和兩個女孩在拖車裏做，朋友看着他，他非常亢奮。

Do you ask for nudity, and then worry about covering it up afterward?

你是不是會要求演員裸體，然後再考慮遮擋的事情？

Lyne That’s the best way to do it. [In “Fatal Attraction”] I always remember when Michael Douglas is trying to carry her over her to the bed, and he couldn’t get out of his pants, and he’s having hysterics laughing. And he was naked — well, he had his shirt on. We noticed in the cutting room literally one frame where his testicles were visible. You couldn’t cut it out — it’s very, very brief. [Laughs] I hope Michael will forgive me for saying this.

萊恩：這是最好的辦法。我一直記得，在《致命吸引力》裏，邁克爾·道格萊斯想帶她上牀，他沒法脫掉褲子，於是歇斯底里地大笑起來。後來他穿着襯衫，赤裸下身。在剪輯的時候，我們發現，在一個鏡頭裏，可以看到他的睾丸。你沒法把這個畫面剪掉——這一幕非常非常短（大笑）。我希望邁克爾原諒我說這些。

Treem We have actors on our show who have varying relationships to nudity; people have things they will and will not show, and we have to respect that. We had to create sex scenes that looked like we weren’t trying to cover body parts when we were. And — this was a discovery for us — sometimes the sexiest sex scenes, we shot very tight, only the actors’ faces.

特里姆：演員們對待裸體有各種各樣的方式；有人願意露某些部位，有人不願意露，我們得尊重他們。拍性愛戲的時候，我們得遮擋一些部位，同時又要顯得好像什麼都沒遮。有時候最性感的性愛戲只有貼近演員面部拍攝——這個發現倒是適合我們。

McGarvey We were protecting the actors. Jamie [Dornan] had a cover over his penis. Dakota [Johnson] had kind of a patch that went over her pubic area, and right round her whole body. We were in the curious situation, in postproduction, of adding [pubic hair]. I wouldn’t say it was one of the highlights of my career, but it certainly was one of the most surreal scenarios. We did have a butt double for Dakota. I had the pleasure of casting a nontattooed bottom — Surreal Scenario No. 2.

麥克加維：我們要保護演員。傑米·多南(Jamie Dornan)遮住了自己的陰莖。達科塔·約翰遜(Dakota Johnson)在私處貼了某些東西，繞她身體一圈。後期製作時非常奇妙，我們得添上陰毛。我不覺得這是我事業生涯中的亮點時刻，但這確實是非常超現實的一幕。我們拍達科塔的屁股時使用了替身，我喜歡沒有紋身的屁股——這是第二個超現實的場面。

Schumer I am sort of a boundaryless person, which is something I’m working on. In our house, nudity wasn’t a big deal, so that was never an issue for me. It was about the crew. The sex scenes that are funny, I don’t care, but the ones that are actually sexual, it’s like these people are seeing me be really vulnerable. Frank, who’s holding the boom, is seeing, “Oh, this is what Amy is like when she really means business.” In between every single take, I think I screamed, “It’s so embarrassing!”

舒默：我是那種百無禁忌的人，拍東西也是這樣。在我們家，裸體算不上什麼大事，所以對於我來說從來不是問題。問題在於劇組人員。性愛戲很有意思，我不在乎，但是那些人是有性慾的，好像那些看着我的人真的很脆弱。弗蘭克拍性愛戲時說，“啊，艾米當真的時候就是這樣的”。拍每場戲間隙的時候，我都大叫：“太尷尬了！”

Sex scenes mean a small crew. But how close are the cameras and how many takes?

拍性愛戲時只會有少數工作人員在場，但鏡頭要離多近，要拍多少次？

McGarvey For the sex, we would always shoot with two cameras, so they wouldn’t have to do numerous takes. I have done sex scenes before that have more abandon, for instance, in “We Need to Talk About Kevin.” When I did that scene with Tilda Swinton and John C. Reilly, with a 5D [camera], I was literally under the covers.

麥克加維：拍性愛戲的時候，我們總是用兩個鏡頭拍攝，這樣就不用拍很多遍。有幾次，拍性愛戲時一次就成功了，比如拍《凱文怎麼了》(We Need to Talk About Kevin)的時候。那是和蒂爾達·斯文頓(Tilda Swinton)與約翰·C·賴利(John C. Reilly)一道拍的，使用5D鏡頭，我感到很放心。

Lyne [In “Indecent Proposal”] the scene with Woody Harrelson and Demi Moore, I remember shooting it on the zoom so you can just push in and grab bits and pieces without stopping, and then get it wider. It’s a mistake to stop them. Usually they’re quite quick, love scenes like that, because there’s a limit to their endurance. Just in terms of kissing somebody, you can’t kiss forever.

萊恩：（拍《桃色交易》的時候），有一幕戲是伍迪·哈里森(Woody Harrelson)和黛米·摩爾(Demi Moore)一起拍的，我記得當時把鏡頭推得很近，這樣就可以一氣呵成地拍下各種細節，然後又給更寬的鏡頭。讓他們停下來是不對的。通常他們都會很快，性愛戲就是這樣，因爲他們的忍耐是有限度的。比如說接吻，你不可能一直吻下去。

Do the performers have to be turned on?

演員必須有性興奮嗎？

Vallée I’ve never seen an actor with an erection, in all of the films and the sex scenes that I’ve done, but it doesn’t mean that I haven’t seen a guy being excited. It’s so technical, but we’re humans, and they’re naked, and they touch each other.

瓦雷：在我拍的所有電影和性愛戲裏，我從來沒見過有男演員勃起過，但這並不意味着他們不會興奮。拍性愛戲太需要技巧，但我們都是人類，而且他們都是裸體，還要觸摸對方。

Lyne The scene wouldn’t be working if they weren’t. Obviously, you’re not literally doing penetration but they’re both aroused; they would have to be; otherwise the scene would be hopeless.

萊恩：如果他們沒有性興奮，這一幕就無法讓人信服。顯然，你不能真的有插入，但雙方都要有興奮感，他們必須這樣；否則這一幕就沒法拍好。

Do actors express worry about their bodies?

演員是否會對自己的身體表示焦慮？

Lyne Yes, I did have [an actor concerned about his manhood] — without the slightest reason to be worried — but it did show the amount of paranoia in their minds. I say, “You’re fine, you’re great!”

萊恩：是的，我遇到過（一個男演員擔心自己的生殖器）——他們其實沒有任何理由去焦慮——但他們腦子裏確實有不少妄想狂的念頭。我會說：“你很好，你棒極了！”

Vallée It happened in my first feature film. The lead actress had to perform a sex scene, and I think she was 35 at the time. She wanted to really talk about the angles and not show her from behind, and O.K. from the side, but not her breasts when she laid down. I can understand.

瓦雷：我執導第一部長片時發生過這種事。女主角得出演一幕性愛戲，我想她當時有35歲了。她想討論一下拍攝角度，不要從她後面拍，從側面拍沒問題，但當她躺下來的時候，不要拍她的乳房。我可以理解。

Schumer I definitely was saying to my sister [a producer on the film], do I look O.K.? They want us to look good, so they’re not going to be like, “Oh, cool, look what a realistic cellulite shot.” Beforehand I tried to look good; once they’re rolling, it’s the last thing on my mind. [But] I definitely skipped Taco Tuesday that day.

舒默：我真的問了我的姐妹（她是這部片子的製片人），我看上去怎麼樣？他們希望我們看上去好看，所以他們不會說：“好酷，多棒的脂肪團呀。”以前我都儘量想顯得好看，一旦拍起來，我就不去想了。但那天我確實沒有吃玉米捲餅。

Quiet on the set! Or not?

拍攝時會保持沉默嗎？

Vallée With actors, while they’re doing it, I tell myself, “Shut up; don’t talk,” even though I want to.

瓦雷：演員表演時，我會告訴自己：“閉嘴，別說話”，儘管我想說。

Lyne What I have a horror of is these poor souls in total silence and not knowing whether they look good. So I’m always vocal, almost like I’m doing it with them. I’m going: “That was good. Do it again.” Afterward they have to cut my voice out.

萊恩：我討厭讓這些可憐的傢伙們置身沉默之中，不知道自己做得怎麼樣。所以我總在說話，簡直就像我在和他們一起演。我說：“這個好，再來一次”，然後他們還得把我的聲音剪掉。

McGarvey [The director] Joe Wright is a great proponent of music to help actors get into the mood. It helped the actors’ movement and the camera’s kind of coalesce, because it is like a dance. On “Atonement,” there’s a scene in the library between James McAvoy’s character and Keira Knightley’s, and we shot that to “Come to Me” by Mark Lanegan and PJ Harvey, a very languid, sexy tune, because the camera was hand-held.

麥克加維：（導演）喬伊·懷特(Joe Wright)喜歡用音樂幫助演員進入情緒。它能幫演員的動作和攝像機更好地結合在一起，因爲這很像舞蹈。在《贖罪》(Atonement)裏有這樣一場戲，是詹姆斯·麥克沃伊(James McAvoy)的角色和凱拉·奈特莉(Keira Knightley)的角色一起排的，我們邊拍邊放馬克·雷尼甘(Mark Lanegan)和PJ·哈維(PJ Harvey)的《來我身邊》(Come to Me)，這是一首慵懶性感的歌曲，因爲我們用的是手持攝像機。

Is it ever awkward for you?

你曾經感到過尷尬嗎？

Treem One of the sex scenes in Episode 4 — the character of Alison doesn’t really [have an orgasm]. She’s in grief, she’s lost a child, she’s sexual but she cannot enjoy it, and finally she does. Getting to that place was a bit of a challenge. I was acting out the sex scenes for [the episode director] Jeff Reiner. I’m acting out an orgasm with the whole crew behind me, and finally he was like, “Oh, I get it.”

特里姆：在第四集，有這麼一場性愛戲——艾莉森(Alison)的角色不想（做愛）。她很悲傷，她失去了一個孩子，她有性慾，但她並不覺得享受，但她最後還是做了。拍這樣的戲有點挑戰性。我給（這一集的導演）傑夫·雷納(Jeff Reiner)演示這場性愛戲。我演示的時候，整個劇組成員都在我身後，最後他說，“啊，我懂了。”

Vallée I do get excited, but not sexually. I’m excited as a filmmaker.

瓦雷：我都很興奮，但沒有性慾。是那種作爲電影人的興奮。

Apatow I’m very shy. We did “The 40-Year-Old Virgin”; there was a speed-dating scene. The joke was a woman’s breast pops out, and I might’ve done half a take of it before I said we had what we need.

阿帕託：我非常害羞。拍《四十歲的老處男》(The 40-Year-Old Virgin)時，有一場快速約會的戲。搞笑的是，一個女人的乳房露出來了，我可能才拍到一半就說，已經拍好了。

Schumer [The scenes] totally serve the story; they belong there. As to whether I would rather just be sitting in a dialogue with someone in a diner versus having them thrusting in my thigh — yeah, I’ll take the diner and get a piece of coconut cream pie. [But] I’m glad we did it.

舒默：（性愛戲）完全是爲故事情節服務的；它們屬於整體故事。你要問我是願意拍晚餐時的聊天戲還是願意讓別人戳我的大腿——好吧，我願意吃晚餐，再來一塊花生醬派。（但是）我很高興我們拍了這個。