在中學就輟學的十位電影明星(上)

Contrary to parental warnings, the lack of a high school diploma does not necessarily doom one to minimum wage drudgery. A surprising number of Silver Screen Legends forwent education and began early careers, although not necessarily in acting. Most were not plucked from obscurity, forced to abandon instruction and thrust into the limelight by their astounding talent. Instead, the reasons behind leaving school were often linked to deaths, financial necessity, expulsion and escape from abuse. Perhaps these early tragedies facilitated the Legends' acting by later providing an emotional reservoir from which to draw.

父母曾告誡我們：中學學位都撈不到的人註定一輩子都會做着最累的活，領着最低的工資，事實證明這句話也不是絕對的：儘管出來接的第一份工作並不是演戲，很多銀幕大咖還是走出學校，早早工作了。而且，並不是自身天分引導他們脫離學校，站在鎂光燈下，一步步從無名小卒熬成銀幕大腕的。相反，他們離開學校的原因多和死亡、經濟困難、逃避虐待有關。也許正是因爲早年入世，他們纔在銀幕上那麼遊刃有餘。

The following is a list of the Top 10 Screen Legend High School Dropouts, along with the circumstances surrounding their departure from school and later endeavors. Individuals were ranked in terms of their accomplishments, on-screen and off, along with adversities overcome.

下面就是十位在中學輟學的電影演員，我們會提到他們離校時的狀況以及他們後天的努力，人名按銀幕內外成就及經歷困難大小排名。

a Garbo

10.葛麗泰·嘉寶

Born in the slums of Stockholm, Greta Lovisa Gustafsson hated school and preferred imaginative playacting with her chums. Her father succumbed to the Spanish flu which ravaged Sweden in 1920, leaving the family destitute. Greta happily left formal education at 14 and began work as a soap-lather girl in a barbershop and later a gofer in a department store. Her unusual beauty was noticed and she began posing for the store's catalogue. This soon lead to more lucrative modeling jobs and commercial appearances. She studied acting for two years until her mentor's friend, Louis B. Mayer, placed her under contract and brought Garbo to Hollywood. Despite her Swedish accent, she successfully transitioned from silent film to "talkies" and became known as The Queen of MGM.

葛麗泰·洛維薩·格斯塔夫森出生在斯德哥爾摩貧民區，嘉寶打小就討厭學校生活，喜歡跟朋友一起演戲。1920年，西班牙流感肆虐了整個瑞典，嘉寶的父親在這場流感中不幸殞命，生活更加拮据。隨後，14歲的嘉寶便告別了學校生活，在一家理髮店做洗頭妹，後來又在百貨商店做勤雜工。漸漸的，人們發現了嘉寶不凡的相貌。嘉寶開始做商品展示員，接着又接到了更有錢途的模特和商演工作。隨後，嘉寶在學校進修表演專業，遇到導師的朋友路易·B·梅耶，梅耶不僅帶着她簽了經紀公司，還領着她打入了好萊塢。儘管滿口的瑞典味英語，嘉寶還是從無聲電影走進有聲電影，成爲米高梅電影製片公司的一姐。

Garbomania reached its peak in the 1930s thanks to her roles in Grand Hotel (1932), Queen Christina (1933), Camille (1936) and Ninotchka (1939). After acting in 33 films and receiving 4 Oscar nominations, Garbo's career floundered due to the critical failure of Two Faced Woman (1941)– a film she later refer to as "my grave." Over the next decade, she rejected some movies and others imploded financially. In imposed retirement, she hid from publicity but was not reclusive, noting the difference between "wanting to be alone" and "wanting to be left alone." In 1951, Greta became a naturalized United States citizen and moved to a large Manhattan apartment. She was an avid art collector and could frequently be seen hiding under sunglasses touring the streets of New York until her death at the age of 84.

30年代，嘉寶參演的一系列電影帶着她登上了演藝生涯的頂峯：1932年的《大飯店》、1955年的《瑞典女王》、1936年的《卡米爾》、1939年的《妮諾奇嘉》。至此，嘉寶參演了33部電影，曾4度獲奧斯卡提名，直到1941年的《雙面人》，嘉寶因這部電影遭到觀衆狠批，事後，嘉寶也把這部電影稱爲自己的事業"墳墓"。40年代期間，嘉寶推掉了幾部電影，經濟來源受損，本人也遭到公司雪藏，雪藏後的嘉寶離開了公衆視野，但並沒有隱退。孤獨的嘉寶也明白了"主動孤獨"和"被動孤獨"的區別。1951年，嘉寶拿到美國綠卡，搬入曼哈頓區更爲舒適的公寓，人們可以經常看見嘉寶戴着大大的墨鏡漫步在紐約街頭，嘉寶是個狂熱的藝術品收藏家，84歲辭世。

lyn Monroe

9.瑪麗蓮·夢露

Born Norma Jean Mortenson but raised Norma Jean Baker, Marilyn Monroe grew up in foster care. Her mother was mentally and financially unfit and her father was absent. Although Monroe was sexually abused in some foster homes, her mother obstinately refused permanent adoption by suitable families. At 16, she learned of her current foster family's move from California to Virginia and plans to abandon her. Rather than face returning to the system, Marilyn married her boyfriend. She took a job in an airplane factory spraying parts where she was photographed by Yank Magazine. The photographer encouraged Monroe to pursue a modeling career which quickly lead to a Hollywood contract.

夢露有着諾瑪·珍·莫天森的出生背景，長大後卻成爲諾瑪·珍·貝克。夢露從小在收容所長大，父親下落不明，母親心智不全，家裏十分困難。夢露曾屢次遭到收容家庭的性侵犯，然而母親卻一再拒絕讓富足家庭長期收養。16歲時，夢露得知自己目前的收養家庭將舉家搬離加利福尼亞在弗吉利亞定居，甩掉自己。爲了避免自己再次掉入短期收養又被拋棄的惡性循環中，夢露毅然和男朋友結了婚。婚後，夢露開始在一家飛機制造廠工作，負責給飛機零部件上漆，期間，她的照片登上了《北方人》，《北方人》攝影師鼓勵夢露改行做模特，自此，夢露開始了自己的好萊塢之旅。

There is evidence that Monroe attended some high school but because of her marriage and career, she abandoned formal education. Nonetheless, Monroe was a voracious reader and enjoyed classical music. She eventually became an iconic sex symbol, earning a Golden Globe for Best Actress in a Musical/Comedy for Some Like it Hot (1959). The bombshell appeared in 33 movies, most notably Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953), How to Marry a Millionaire (1953) and Let's Make Love (1960). After marrying Joe DiMaggio and having an affair with President John F. Kennedy, Monroe died of a barbiturate overdose at the age of 36.

夢露上過中學，但是出於工作和婚姻問題，夢露半途而廢了。不過，夢露很喜歡讀書，熱愛古典音樂。最終，夢露成爲性感的標誌，憑音樂劇《熱情如火》捧回最佳女主角的金球獎，這位美女曾參演33部電影，在《紳士喜愛金髮女郎》（1953年）《願嫁金龜婿》（1953年）《讓我們相愛吧》（1960年）中有着不俗的表現。夢露後來成爲了喬·狄馬喬的妻子，也曾和肯尼迪總統風流過，最後因服用過量安眠藥而香消玉殞。

Pacino

8.阿爾·帕西諾

Alfredo James Pacino was born in East Harlem to Italian American parents who divorced when he was just 2 years old. He moved with his mother to his maternal grandparents' tenement in the Bronx. Al was a troublemaker who rebelled by smoking cigarettes at 9 and graduated to alcohol and marijuana at 13. Wanting to become a professional baseball player, Pacino did not concentrate on his studies and flunked out of high school at 17. With his dreams of playing ball cut short, Pacino concentrated on performing but was initially rejected by Manhattan's Actors Studio. Frequently homeless and couch surfing, he studied at less prestigious studios. Not accepting defeat, he was eventually accepted to the Actors Studio. His career skyrocketed after Francis Ford Coppola saw him play a heroine addict in Panic in Needle Park (1971) and cast him as the leading actor in the Godfather (1972).

艾爾弗雷多·詹姆斯·帕西諾出生在東哈萊姆區，父母是意大利裔美國人，並在阿爾兩歲時迅速離婚。隨後，阿爾便住進了外祖母的破舊租房，年幼的阿爾十分叛逆：9歲開始吸菸，畢業時，又沾上了酒精和毒品。阿爾一直夢想成爲一名職業棒球運動員，因此也沒在學習上下功夫，17歲就科科亮紅燈，被學校開除。阿爾的棒球夢也就此停止，不得不開始在演藝圈摸爬滾打，也曾吃過曼哈頓演員工作室的閉門羹，被拒後，阿爾開始居無定所的生活，同時在小型工作室裏慢慢學習，最終贏得了演員工作室的青睞。阿爾飾演《毒海鴛鴦》吸毒者一角帶他走向了事業的巔峯，當時這一角色深得導演弗朗西斯·福特·科波拉的青睞，此後，他便讓阿爾擔任《教父》主角（1972年）。

Along with his Best Actor in a Leading Role Oscar for Scent of a Woman (1993), Pacino has received 41 nominations and 34 total awards. Other memorable films include Scarface (1983), Serpico (1973), Dog Day Afternoon (1975) and Heat (1995). He is also an accomplished stage actor, writer, director and producer. Despite dropping out of high school, Pacino was awarded Honorary Patronage of Trinity College's Philosophical Society in 2006. Pacino continues to be a box office draw and received the Cecil B. DeMille Award for Lifetime Achievement and the American Film Institute's Life Achievement Award in 2006.

阿爾還憑《聞香識女人》（1993年）斬獲奧斯卡最佳男主角。此外，阿爾一生曾獲41次提名，34座獎盃，其他可圈可點的作品還包括《疤面煞星》（1983年）《衝突》（1973年）《黃金萬兩》（1975年）《盜火線》（1995年）。另外，阿爾還是一位出色的舞臺劇演員、作家、製片。儘管連中學畢業證都沒有，阿爾仍是功勳累累：2006年，阿爾成爲三一學院哲學系的榮譽贊助，同年，身爲票房保證的他獲得西塞爾·德米爾終身成就獎以及美國電影學會的終身成就獎。

k Gable

7.克拉克·蓋博

Mistakenly listed on his birth certificate as a baby girl, William Clark Gable was born to an oil well driller and a housewife. At the age of ten months, Gable's mother died from a brain tumor. When he was two years old, his father remarried. Clark was a well-dressed child who enjoyed playing instruments and repairing cars. Because of financial hardship, Gable's father was forced to relocat and try his hand at farming. Gable was an outcast in the neighboring rural Ohio town and was unhappy with the move. Despite pressure to work on the family farm, 16 year old Gable took a job at a tire factory after dropping out of school. Upon inheriting money from a distant relative at 21, he moved to Portland, Oregon, working as a tie salesman and taking acting lessons. After a new hair style, dental work and lessons to lower his high-pitched voice, Gable left for Hollywood. He flunked his first screen test but managed to get work as an extra until being discovered.

蓋博在出生證明上被標爲女孩，父親是石油工，母親是家庭主婦，10個月大時，母親患腫瘤身亡。2歲時，父親再婚，平時，小蓋博穿着得體，喜歡樂器，愛好修車。由於拮据的經濟條件，父親決定舉家搬遷，並親手下田務農，搬家後，小蓋博遭到周圍鄰居的冷遇，他也對此次搬家感到沮喪。16歲時，蓋博輟學，放棄幫助父親，獨身前往奧勒岡州波特蘭市，一邊當銷售營生，一邊學習表演。隨後，蓋博弄了個新發型，修了牙，把自己的大嗓門毛病改掉後，便開始向好萊塢進發。蓋博打入好萊塢的首輪測試以失敗告終，他便在劇組跑龍套，直到得到大家的肯定。

Nicknamed "The King of Hollywood," Gable is considered the seventh Greatest Male Star of All Time by the American Film Institute. In the 1930s, his popularity was second only to Shirley Temple. He starred in such memorable movies as It Happened One Night (1934), Gone with the Wind (1939), Mutiny on the Bounty (1935) and The Misfits (1961). Gable voluntarily took a leave of absence from acting during WWII and served in the Army Air Corps. The Best Actor in a Leading Role Oscar he won for It Happened One Night was purchased by Steven Spielberg sixty two years later and donated to the Motion Picture Academy. After performing in 81 films, he died at the age of 59 from a heart attack.

蓋博被譽爲"好萊塢之王"，曾被美國電影學會提名爲"百年百大明星"。30年代期間，蓋博的名聲開始緊逼秀蘭·鄧波兒，在一系列電影中有着精彩的表現：《一夜風流》（1934年）《亂世佳人》（1939年）《叛艦喋血記》（1935年）《亂點鴛鴦譜》（1961年）。二戰期間，蓋博自動退出影壇，在陸軍航空隊服役。蓋博曾憑《一夜風流》獲奧斯卡最佳男主角，61年後，大導斯蒂芬·斯皮爾伯格買下蓋博的獎盃並贈給了美國電影學會。蓋博一生曾參演81部電影，59歲時因心臟病去世。

hrey Bogart

6.亨弗萊·鮑嘉

Born to a successful illustrator mother and surgeon father, the Bogarts had high hopes for their eldest child. After attending private New York elementary schools, Humphrey was sent to the prestigious Phillips Academy in Massachusetts to prepare him for Yale Medical School. Bogart was shortly thereafter expelled for some unknown combination of bad behavior– drinking, smoking, throwing a staff member into a lake and/or bad grades. His parents were despondent and Bogie was incredibly ashamed of his failure. With limited career prospects, he enrolled in the Navy. WWI ended soon after and he returned home in reserve capacity. Bogart worked a few mundane jobs until a childhood friend's father hired him to work at World Films.

鮑嘉的母親是一名成功的插畫家，父親是一名醫生，鮑嘉對自己的大兒子寄予厚望，小學在紐約私立小學就讀，隨後升學進入馬塞諸塞州著名的菲利普斯中學，父母希望他中學畢業後考入耶魯大學醫學院。然而，鮑嘉在學校抽菸喝酒、將教職員工推下池塘，各科成績更是慘不忍睹，學校便將鮑嘉開除了。父母對他大感失望，鮑嘉本人也對自己的所作所爲感到十分羞愧，然而木已成舟，前途未卜的鮑嘉加入海軍，上了一戰戰場，那時一戰已近尾聲，鮑嘉便轉爲儲備兵，又前前後後做了很多雜活，後來，鮑嘉發小的父親將他舉薦到電影世界工作。

Despite never returning for an equivalence degree, Bogart was well-read and enjoyed the company of intellectuals. He appeared in a total of 75 films and is regarded as The Greatest Male Legend by the American Film Institute. Bogie acted in several unforgettable classics including High Sierra (1941), The Maltese Falcon (1941), The Treasure of Sierra Madre (1948) and Sabrina (1954). Although he received nominations for Casablanca (1942) and The Caine Mutiny (1954), he won the Best Actor Academy Award for The African Queen (1951). After fighting a long battle with throat cancer, with wife Lauren Bacall at his side, he died at the age of 58 in 1957.

儘管此後鮑嘉再無緣學校，但鮑嘉博覽羣書，也很喜歡和知識分子待在一起。鮑嘉一生共參演過75部電影，被美國電影學會譽爲"百年百大明星"，他的經典作品有：《高嶺》（1941年）《梟巢喋血戰》（1941年）《碧血金沙》（1948年）《叛艦喋血記》（1954年），曾憑《非洲女王號》（1951年）獲得奧斯卡最佳男主角，此後，鮑嘉患了喉癌，纏綿病榻，妻子勞倫·白考便陪伴在側，1957年，58歲的鮑嘉去世。

翻譯:趙一力 來源：前十網