達賴喇嘛在美演講自稱馬克思主義者

The Dalai Lama, appearing Thursday at a conservative Washington think tank, was asked by his hosts: How can people be happy and thrive in a free-market society?

達賴喇嘛週四參加了美國企業研究所(American Enterprise Institute)舉辦的活動，他被活動主辦者問到：在市場自由化的社會中，人們如何才能快樂地生活？

A broad question -- but also a thorny one in this circumstance. The Dalai Lama calls himself a Marxist, while the American Enterprise Institute, where he was appearing, has a far different philosophy, saying its purpose is to expand individual opportUnity and strengthen free enterprise.

這是一個很寬泛的問題，但考慮到提問背景，這也是一個很尖銳的問題。達賴說自己是馬克思主義者，而美國企業研究卻奉行截然不同的哲學，宣稱其目標是幫助個體獲得更多機會，並推進自由企業模式的發展。

So, how did the Tibetan spiritual leader and Buddhist monk answer? He acknowledged the power of self-interest to benefit society, but suggested that it has its limits.

那麼，身爲西藏精神領袖和佛教徒的達賴是如何回答的呢？達賴承認，利己主義的力量能使社會獲益，但他認爲這有其侷限性。

'We are selfish. It's very important for our survival,' he said. 'But that selfish should be wise-selfish rather than foolish-selfish.'

他說，人是自私的，這對生存非常重要，但這種自私應該是智慧的利己行爲，而不是愚蠢的利己行爲。

Compassion and taking care of others are necessary qualities for people to be happy. 'The truest form of self-interest is taking care of other people,' he said.

他說，同情心與照顧他人都是使人幸福的必要品質，追求個人利益最真實的方式就是照顧他人。

The Dalai Lama also said he had gained respect for capitalism from discussions like Thursday's, and added that some of the free market's most important aspects--like individual initiative--rely on connections with other people.

達賴還說，從週四這種類型的討論中，他產生了對資本主義的一些敬意。他補充道，自由市場的一些最重要層面（比如個人激勵）還是要仰仗與他人的互動。

Columbia Business School Dean Glenn Hubbard, who was also part of the AEI panel, said he frequently begins his classes by asking his students, 'Why isn't the whole world rich?' Free enterprise is key both to economic success and to furthering the social goals the Dalai Lama discussed, he said.

哥倫比亞大學商學院(Columbia Business School)院長哈伯德(Glenn Hubbard)說，他經常在上課一開始時就問學生：爲什麼不是整個世界都富有？他認爲，自由企業模式是至關重要的，對於取得經濟成就和推進達賴所討論的社會目標都是如此。哈伯德也是美國企業研究所一個委員會的成員，同時曾在布什(George W. Bush)任美國總統時擔任白宮經濟顧問委員會的主席。

'What sort of criteria are you using in terms of someone being rich?' the Dalai Lama asked, via his translator .

達賴通過自己的翻譯向哈伯德提出了一個問題，即他使用何種標準來區分貧富。

'We have been very good at generating average growth. But not everybody is average,' replied Mr. Hubbard, who was chairman of the White House Council of Economic Advisers under President George W. Bush. 'Our goal ought to be to celebrate the success of free enterprise economies, but stretch that goal of success to an ideal of mass prosperity. I think that goal is morally right. I also think it's economically achievable.'

哈伯德答道，我們在實現財富平均增長方面做得非常好，但並不是每個人都能達到平均水平。他說，我們的目標應該是，在慶祝採取自由企業模式的經濟體取得成功的同時，朝着實現大規模繁榮的理想目標邁進。他說，他認爲這個目標在道德上是正當的，在經濟上也可以實現。

For his part, the Dalai Lama emphasized the importance of peace. 'Peace only comes through our actions, not through wishful thinking or prayer,' he said. A happy world, he added, comes not from the government or from the United Nations, but from the individual.

達賴在討論中強調了和平的重要性。他說，和平只能通過行動才能實現，而不是通過空想或是祈禱。他還說，一個幸福的世界不僅要由政府或聯合國創造，也要由個體去爭取。