亞洲女企業家引領女性造富潮流

More women are becoming billionaires than ever before, driven by a marked rise in the number of female Asian entrepreneurs, according to a report into global wealth.

根據一份有關全球財富的報告，成爲億萬富豪的女性人數比以往任何時候都多，其推動因素是亞洲女性企業家人數顯著上升。

The number of female Asian billionaires increased from just three in 2005 to 25 in 2014, the UBS/PwC Billionaire report revealed, with just over half of them first-generation entrepreneurs.

瑞銀/普華永道億萬富豪報告(UBS/PwC Billionaire report)顯示，亞洲女億萬富豪的數量已從2005年的僅僅三個，增至2014年的25個，其中一半多一點是第一代創業者。（上圖爲中國首都北京最大的房地產開發商SOHO中國有限公司CEO兼執行董事張欣。）

Family businesses are driven by women far more in Asia than in the US or Europe, the report notes. Ninety-six per cent of ultra-wealthy women in Asia are still “active wealth creators”, compared with 57 per cent in the US and 63 per cent in Europe. Overall, the number of women billionaires now stood at 145 in 2014.

該報告指出，相比美國或歐洲，在亞洲由女性執掌的家族企業要多得多。96%的亞洲女性超級富豪仍是“活躍的財富創造者”，遠高於美國的57%和歐洲的63%。總體而言，2014年全球有145名女性億萬富豪。

“The rise of female and Asian billionaires over the last two decades is creating an entirely new billionaire demographic,” said Josef Stadler, head of global ultra-high net worth at UBS. “While there is no such thing as a typical billionaire, virtually all are focused on building a lasting legacy for future generations.

“過去20年裏女性和亞洲億萬富豪的崛起，正在形成一個全新的億萬富豪羣體，”瑞銀全球超高淨值部門負責人約瑟夫施泰德(Josef Stadler)表示。“雖然不存在‘典型億萬富豪’這樣的模子，但幾乎所有富豪都聚焦於爲子孫後代打造持久的遺產。”

The survey of 1,300 billionaires, which analyses data from the past 19 years, also shows how the global financial crisis shook up the ranks of the super-wealthy. Of 289 people in the 1995 report, just 126 remain on the list today. While 66 have died, the report notes, 73 fortunes “have disappeared due to business problems and other reasons”, while 24 have “been lost through family dilution”.

這項針對1300名億萬富豪的調查分析了過去19年的數據。它還顯示，全球金融危機使超級富豪名單出現洗牌。1995年報告列出的289人中，現在只留下126人。報告指出，這其中儘管有66人已經去世，但有73人的財富“由於商業問題等原因已經消失”，另有24人“由於家庭稀釋而失去財富”。

“The report suggests that we need to revisit the old saying, ‘The first generation builds the business, the second makes it a success and the third wrecks it’,” said Michael Spellacy, global wealth leader at PwC US. “Our findings reveal that it is in fact the second generation that all too often undermines the value of the business the first generation created. To prevent this, business decisions must move from the kitchen table to the boardroom.”

“這份報告似乎表明，我們需要修正那句老話，‘第一代創業，第二代使其成功，而第三代是敗家子’，”普華永道美國的全球財富主管邁克爾斯佩勒西(Michael Spellacy)表示。“從我們的調查結果看，實際上很多情況下是第二代糟蹋第一代所創建的企業的價值。爲了防止這種情況，經營決策的地點必須從餐桌轉移到董事會會議室。”

However, the 126 billionaires who have retained their place on the list still created a total of $1tn of new wealth since 1995, particularly in the consumer and retail, technology and financial services sectors. Tech billionaires in particular tend to be most durable, the report notes.

然而，留在名單上的那126名億萬富豪，自1995年以來仍然創造了共計1萬億美元的財富，特別是在消費和零售，科技以及金融服務行業。該報告指出，科技行業的億萬富豪往往最能持久。

“Money is just one way of keeping score,” said Sebastian Dovey, co-founder of Scorpio Partnership, a wealth management consultancy. “It’s legacy that makes a difference. Unless those individuals start to do things that make a lasting difference — investing in climate change prevention or houses for the homeless — then balance sheet numbers can come and go. Legacy goes beyond money.”

“金錢只是一種記分的方法，”理財諮詢公司Scorpio Partnership的聯合創始人塞巴斯蒂安多維(Sebastian Dovey)表示。“真正不同的是遺產。除非那些人開始做一些具有持久作用的事情——投資於氣候變化預防措施或容留無家可歸者的住所——否則資產負債表的數字可能上上下下。遺產超出金錢範疇。”