加拿大愛斯基摩人的石版畫雙語

不斷支持新的思想，迎來新的藝術形式，而又保住往昔的傳統，並不忘本。接下來，小編給大家準備了加拿大愛斯基摩人的石版畫雙語,歡迎大家參考與借鑑。

Hela Goetz

海拉·戈也茲

Since the Eskimos of Cape Dorset began making prints in 1959, their graphics have continuedto delight art lovers around the world. Interest has spread, not only in the south but to Arcticcommunities as well. Currently,four other Eskimo settlements are producing prints.

自從1959年多塞特角的愛斯基摩人開始創作版畫以來，他們的作品一直爲全世界的藝術愛好者所喜聞樂見。這種創作的興趣已經不限於“南部”，而是遍及北極各個村落。現在，其他四個居住地的愛斯基摩人也在製作版畫了。

Cape Dorset is probably the best known of the printmaking communities. For a dozen years,prints of consistently high quality have been produced; successful experiments with stencils,etchings and engravings have addedvariety and interest; individual artists are receivingrecognition and acclaim. As modern technology encroaches upon these formerly isolatedpeople, the prints have become a record of an earlier life style.

多塞特角可能是最有名的版畫創作之鄉了。多年來，這地方不斷出有高質量的版畫;不論蠟刻、蝕刻、雕刻，都是成果累累，作品豐富多彩，趣味橫生;各路藝人都備受重視，爲人讚許。現代技術逐漸滲入這些昔日與世隔絕的人們中間，這些版畫也就成了他們早期生括方式的寫照。

When one considers the limited means available to these artists, both in obtaining materialsand being exposed to print-making techniques, their success is indeed phenomenal. Graphicimages had been made by Eskimo artists prior to the advent of printmaking in the Arctic,usually in the form of incised figures and designs on ivory carvings, but the idea of reproducingan image many times on paper was totally new. James Houston, then Northern AffairsAdministrator at Cape Dorset, and himself an artist, guided the Eskimo artists in their firstexperiment, and gradually a cooperative print shop was established.

想想這些藝術家工作受到多麼大的限制——搞不到設備，不懂印刷技術，竟然能有如此成就，確實非同小可。愛斯基摩藝人在印刷術傳到北極之前，就已有各種雕像之作，通常是把人物和圖案雕刻在象牙上，但要在紙上多次複製同一圖像，卻是前所未聞。當時駐多塞特角的北部事務行政官詹姆斯·豪斯頓，本人就是一位藝術家，他指導愛斯基摩藝人初試其道，後來他們逐步建立起了一家合作性質的版畫店。

Carving of the image on to a flat stone block was a natural step for artists accustomed toproducing stone carvings; drawing the images to be repro-duced was more radical. Many ofthe women, who were far ouf flumbered as carvers by the men, took readily to the newmedium, and soon drawingsfor possible translation into prints became a major artistic le began to take a great interest in recording everyday activities on paper, realisticallyreproducing the animals and birds which were the objects of the hunt and played such a centralrole in their existence, and drawing images of the spirits and strange creatures which peopledtheir mythology. Economic aspects played an important part, too, in the development of thisnew medium of artistic expression. For a people entering a new phase of civilization, it becamean absolute necessity to replace the older hunting economy with a new form of sale of carvings had, for thepast ten years, been an increasing source of income; thedevelopment of print-making techniques promised another means to survive economically.

把圖像刻在平石板上，是製作石雕的藝術家習以爲常的一個步驟：把圖像描畫下來，再複製出來，就非同尋常了。拿雕刻師來說，男人的數量本來遠遠超過婦女，但這時許多婦女也欣然從事這種新的工藝，於是描圖製版很快成爲一種主要的藝術活動。大家都開始熱衷於把日常的活動記錄在紙上：他們逼真地再現了各種飛禽走獸，這些都是獵物，在他們的生活中起着簡直是核心的作用;他們還畫出了許多精靈鬼怪的形象，這些又都是棲息在他們神話裏的生靈。在這種新的藝術表現手段的發展過程中，經濟方面也起了重要的作用。一個民族在進入文明的一個新階段時，勢必要用一種新的生存方式來取代舊的狩獵經濟。在過去的十年中，出售雕刻品一直是增加收入的一個財源;發展製版工藝，提供了又一種賴以生存的經濟手段。

The possibility of recording the old ways of life and the world of the spirits appealed especiallyto the older generation.

老一代人特別感興趣的是如今可以把古老的生活方式和鬼怪世界記錄下來了。

The recurring theme of monsters and spirits is not entirely the choice of theartiststhemselves. They have been encouraged to draw the old ways andto let their imagination runfree in conjuring up spirits, as these subjects areintensely interesting to southerners. Still, theidea of these fantastic crea-tures is a very real part of the Eskimo's spiritual heritage, andthey are asmuch a part of the old ways as was the nomadic existence in igloos andsHn tents.

精靈鬼怪的主題反覆出現，並非完全出自藝術家本人的選擇。。南方人”對這類題材極有興趣，藝術家因而也受到鼓舞，情願畫。古老的方式”，任憑自己的想像力呼風喚雨，自由馳騁。不過，構思出這批稀奇古怪的生靈，正是愛斯基摩人精神生活中的一個極爲真實的傳統，它們構成了“古老的方式”的一個部分，猶如圓頂茅屋和獸皮帳篷體現了遊牧生活一樣。

Strange species of birds are another favourite subject of the Cape Dorsetartists.

千奇百怪的飛禽是多塞特角的藝術家所鍾愛的又一個題材。

One of the marvellous things about carving and print maHng activities inthe Arctic is the numberof artists who take part-from young children tothe very old.

在北極，從事雕刻和版畫創作活動的藝術家，下自少年兒童，上至耄耋老人，其人數之衆多，蔚爲一大奇觀。

The old ways are all but gone, but the community spirit remains, support-ing new ideas andwelcoming new art forms without forgetting the heritageof the past.

“古老的方式”已經消失殆盡，但他們那種羣體精神今猶長存，它不斷支持新的思想，迎來新的藝術形式，而又保住往昔的傳統，並不忘本。