指示代詞的分類和句法功能

指示代詞（demonstrative pronoun）是用來指示或標識人或事物的代詞。指示代詞與定冠詞和人稱代詞一樣，都具有指定的含義。
1） 指示代詞分單數（this / that）和複數（these / those）兩種形式，既可作限定詞又可做代詞，例如：
單數this / that 複數these / those
限定詞：This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers.
代詞： This is Mary. Those are my teachers.
2) 指示代詞的句法功能；
a. 作主語
This is the way to do it. 這事兒就該這樣做。
This is my book.這是我的書。
Those are exactly what I need.那些正是我所需要的。
b. 作賓語
I like this better than that. 我喜歡這個甚至那個。
Can you accept that?你能接受嗎？
We should always keep this in mind. 我們應當經常記住這一點。
c. 作表語
My point is this. 我的觀點就是如此。
My plan is like that.我的計劃就是這樣。
It was this that reminded me of. 就是這個提醒了我。
d. 作介詞賓語
I don't say no to that. 我並未拒絕那個。
There is no fear of that. 那並不可怕。
With this he got up and went out.他說着就站起來走出去了。
Go in this direction. 照這個方向走。
e.作定語
For this reason, the middle class will bear much of the burden of rising taxes.因爲這個原因，中產階級會從稅收上升中承受更大的負擔。
We must get to know these tricks of theirs. 我們必須懂得他們這一套鬼花招。
The outcome of this election will be determined by the votes and by the law.選舉結果會由投票結果和法律共同決定。