反客爲主：是時候向面試官提問了

Faced with one pointed question after the next regarding your career, a job interview can quickly take on the feel of an interrogation.
面對着接二連三有關於你個人職業生涯的問題，你會很快就覺得一場面試就像是一場審訊會。

But employers aren't the only ones who get to poke and pry during the sit-down. By asking thought-provoking Questions, you can not only collect valuable information but also distinguish yourself from the pack.
但是在這個座談當中，能問東問西的並非只能是僱主方。通過問一些引發思考的問題，你不僅可以收集有價值的信息，還能讓你脫穎而出。

"It means that you're thoughtful about the process and that you're very interested in the position because you took the time to think of questions that would be substantive," says Cheryl Palmer, a career coach and founder of the career coaching firm Call to Career.
“意思是你對整一個過程很有自己的想法，對職位本身很感興趣。因爲你花了時間去想一下實質的問題。” 職業導師Cheryl Palmer如是說。她同時也是Call to Career職業指導公司的創辦人。

Here are some questions you can ask and tips for interpreting the responses from your interviewer.
以下給大家提供了一些面試過程中可以問的問題，以及對面試官反饋的解讀。

How has this position evolved since it was created?
從設立這個職位以來，這個職位發成了怎樣的變化？

Getting a brief history on the role should clear up whether the position has expanded over the years or has been a dead end for employees, Palmer says.
Palmer表示，對這個職位的歷史有一個簡單的瞭解會讓你知道該職位已經存在多年還是一個員工的死衚衕。

Interpreting the response: If the interviewer says the position has expanded beyond its original scope (and is continuing to do so), that signifies an opportunity for growth within the company. If the position has stayed static for years, don't expect to blossomthere. Depending on your career ambitions, the latter response isn't necessarily bad, Palmer says.
解讀面試官的反饋：如果面試官表示這個職位的職能已經超出最原始的範圍（並且還在不停擴大），那麼這個職位在這家公司就會有非常好的發展機會。如果好幾年這個職位停滯不前，那就別指望它能開花結果了。當然Palmer也表示，根據自己的職業期望，後一種情況也並非一定是壞事。

What have past employees done to succeed in this position?
過去的員工是如何採取行動在這個職位當中取得成功的？

Knowing how the organization measures achievements will help you understand what the expectations will be and whether you have the skill set to meet them, Palmer says. But don't undermine your past accomplishments just because your route to success doesn't match up with the one embraced by the company. "You also don't want to be too narrowly defined by what other people have done. Because you're a different person, you may approach things a little differently," she says.
Palmer說，知道這家機構如何去衡量成功會幫助你瞭解公司對你的期望，以及你是否具備必要的技能去滿足公司的需求。但是，也不要因爲之前取得成功的路徑不被現在的僱主看好而否認之前的成績。她說道，“你也不想很狹隘地根據別人做過的事被評判。因爲你是另外一個人，你處理事情也就會和他人有所不同。”

Interpreting the response: You may hear a description that highlights the positive and negative attributes of your predecessor. That could be a good indicator of the company's culture. "Typically, what one person has done to be successful is what the organization tends to do to be successful," Palmer says.
解讀面試官的反饋：你聽到的回答可能會強調對於該職位上一個員工正面或者負面的描述。這可能是企業文化很好的一個風向標。Palmer說：“個人在哪方面取得成功，那麼一家公司往往也在這方面取得成功。”

What have you enjoyed most about working here?
在這裏工作最開心的是什麼？

Your prospective boss can relay what he or she values most and what led to his or her personal success with the organization. Then, Palmer says, you can internally ruminateabout whether you share the same values and can envision yourself working there.
你將來的上司會向你傳達他最看重的方面，以及在這家公司當中是什麼促成了他的個人成功。Palmer說，“以此，你可以從內部思考你是否有相同的價值觀，並且想象你如何在這個工作。”

Interpreting the response: Your interviewer may commend the company for everything from benefits to year-end bonuses. On the other hand, "if they're struggling to come up with something positive about why they like working there, chances are good that you're not going to be able to come up with anything positive after having worked there either," Palmer says.
解讀面試官的反應：你的面試官可能會從各種福利聊到年終獎。從另外一個方面講，”如果他們挖空心思和你講在這裏工作好的方面，那麼到時候你在這個地方工作了一段時間之後也會想不出這個地方有什麼好來。”Palmer說道。

What is the top priority for the person in this position over the next three months?
在未來三個月，對這個崗位上的員工來說，什麼事最重要的？

This question is helpful so you know what to focus on if you do get the position, Palmer says. Without a clear expectation, she adds, you won't know what to accomplish or how to make the right impression during your first days on the job.
Palmer說：“問這個問題很有用，可以讓你知道要是真正開始工作之後，你需要去關注什麼。”她補充說道，“沒有一個明確的期望，你就無法知道要完成什麼工作，以及如何在工作的頭幾天留下一個恰當合適的印象。”

Interpreting the response: You may be told that you need to complete 15 tasks rather than two or three. "If these are all big initiatives that they want you to handle, probably not that doable," Palmer says.
面試官反應的解讀：你有可能聽到你要完成不止兩個三個的任務，而是15個。Palmer 說，”如果這些任務都是些大條目，那麼他們也許並非那麼可行。”

What are the qualities of successful managers in this company?
在這家公司的成功管理者的素質有哪些？

If you're interviewing for a managerial position, you'll want knowledge of the skills and core competencies the company treasures in a leader, says David Lewis, founder and president of OperationsInc, a Connecticut-based human resources outsourcing and consulting firm. If excellent people skills and multitasking top the list, emphasize how you've demonstrated those traits throughout your career.
David Lewis是OperationsInc公司的創始人兼總裁，這家公司總部在康乃狄克州，主營人力資源外包和諮詢。他說，”如果你去面試一個管理崗的職位，你就想知道這家公司看中領導者哪方面的技能。” 如果良好的人際交往能力和多任務處理能力在在最受關注之列，那麼就要強調你在你的職業生涯當中你是如何體現出來的。

Interpreting the response: According to Lewis, you may get a response along these lines: "The best managers in our organization are independent thinkers, are good teachers and completely aligned with the direction the company is going in. " If he or she can't name a single star in the managerial stable, that's problematic and speaks to an organization short on progress and promotions, Lewis notes.
解讀面試官的反應：Lewis表示，你可能會得到這樣的回答：”我們公司裏最好管理者都是獨立的思考着，都是好的導師並且和公司發展方向完全一致。“如果她不能在管理隊伍裏例舉出一個明星人物，那就有點問題了。而且這種情況有可能暗示着這家公司發展不順，提拔少。”

If offered the position, can you give me examples of ways I would collaborate with my manager?
如果得到了這個職位，你能否舉幾個例子告訴我如何和我的經理合作？

As an entry-level staffer, you may want to work with management as a means to showcase your skills and move up. But there's a distinction between simply taking orders and actively working with a superior who is grooming you for something better. "[Finding] out how an organization utilizes people at the staff level is key," Lewis says. "Is it a dictatorial environment or a collaborative one? "
作爲一個初入職場的員工，你需要知道如何和管理團隊去合作以表現你的技能從而得到提拔。但是，和單單接受指令比起來，積極地去和一位願意扶持你的上司公事是完全不同的。“這是一個專制的環境還是一個協作的環境？”

Interpreting the response: The employer may be short on examples or dismiss the notion of working with management altogether. Prod further, Lewis says, and find out why that it is. There may be a legitimate reason behind why the company doesn't promote collaboration.
解讀面試官的反饋：僱主有無法例舉出相關的例子並且可以避諱與管理層合作這樣的概念。Lewis督促說，可以再進一步追問一下原因。、如果一家公司不提倡合作，其中也可能有合理的原因。

What are some challenges that will face the person filling this position?
填補這個職位空缺的人將會面臨怎樣的挑戰？

You owe it to yourself to know what you're up against. "It just gives you a reality check," Palmer says. The drawbacks may differ depending on whether the position is managerial or entry-level. As a manager, you may oversee a department that runs on ashoestring budget. As a lower-level staffer, you may work odd hours or get stuck with assignments that lack substance.
去了解自己所要面對的狀況是面試者自己的事情。Palmer說，“這算是一次情況的核實”。管理崗和入門崗所面臨的障礙是不一樣的。作爲一個經理，你可能會去監管一個只依靠有限的經費運營的部門。作爲初入職場的員工，你可能需要在自己的閒暇時間去完成一個沒有實質內容的任務。

Interpreting the response: The interviewer may point out the least offensive parts of the job. But if he or she denies any downside whatsoever, that should raise doubts about his or her credibility. "Any boss that tells you there are not challenges, they're lying. It's just that simple," Palmer says.
解讀面試官的反應：面試官有可能只指出該崗位當中最不傷大雅的部分。但是，如果他否認任何缺點，那麼你就該對他的可信度有所懷疑了。Palmer 說，“當任何一個老闆告訴你沒什麼挑戰的時候，那麼他們就在撒謊。就這麼簡單。”

Do you have any hesitations about my qualifications?
你對我的資歷有任何的疑問嗎？

Asking a question like this lets the interviewer know that you're secure enough to openly discuss your vulnerabilities. It also signals confidence and the ability to be coached, says John Kador, author of "301 Best Questions to Ask on Your Interview. " "Coachability is a hugely attractive attribute as far as interviewers are concerned," he explains.
問這樣的問題可以讓面試官知道你是可以放開討論你的弱勢的。這也表明了你自信和可塑性。《面試最佳301問》的作者John Kador如是說。他同時也說：“可塑性對於面試官來說是個非常具有吸引力的方面。”

Interpreting the response: At your urging, the interviewer may voice concerns about a lack of training in certain areas or gaps in employment. Rather than gloss over your shortcomings, address them and put up a respectful and reasonable defense. "You may be able to come up with a satisfactory response, you may not," Kador says. "But at least you have the chance."
解讀面試官的反應：在你的追問下，面試官有可能會表示你在某些方面缺少培訓經歷。此時，與其對你的缺點遮遮掩掩，倒不如大方提及這個問題，並且以一種禮貌合理的方式解釋。Kador說：“你有可能得到一個滿意的迴應，也有可能不。但至少你有這樣的機會。”