詳解寫好託福寫作主題句的方法

什麼是主題句?所謂主題句(topic sentence, 也有人叫它中心句)，就是獨立寫作主體段中統領全文的那個句子，也就是表述在獨立寫作頭腦風暴和謀篇佈局時候想到的“主要理由”或者“論點”的那個句子。通常一篇獨立寫作有三個主題句。下面小編就帶大家詳解寫好託福寫作主題句的方法，大家一起來學習一下吧。

什麼是主題句?詳解寫好託福寫作主題句的方法

例如在題目“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is betterto work in large companies than in small ones.”，選擇agree，三個主題句可以是：

The first reason is that a large company can provide more opportunities to develop one’s ability

Another reason for choosing a big company involves welfare.

A third reason is that one who appreciates the unique culture of abig enterprise will become a more responsible person to the society.

在託福寫作中，三個主題句可以說是作文中最重要的一組句子，因爲主題句對段落起到“提綱挈領”的作用，同時對整篇文章的結構清晰度和文章邏輯性也至關重要。

如何將這個理由“完整”“清晰”“出彩”的表達出來就是本文討論的話題。

首先，每段主題句通常都位於段首，緊跟於“first, second, third”這些“信號詞”之後。除此之外還需要注意以下幾點。

丨簡明扼要

主題句需要讓讀者看到之後能夠快速、準確地把握本段的主要內容。這要求我們在寫主題句的時候，一方面內容要簡單，另一方面用語要凝練。

先來看一個反面例子：

“First and foremost, television, invented in the last century, withits wide availability and increasingly prosperous programs ,becomes one of the most powerful means of communication in history, and is more and more difficult to ignore”

這個主題句涵蓋的內容太多，讀完這個句子，讀者根本不明白本段是要陳述電視節目蓬勃發展(increasingly prosperous program), 要強調電視是最強力的交流工具(the most powerful means of communication in history),還是要論證電視不可被忽視(difficult to ignore)，這就是一個典型的內容太複雜的主題句。

再看一個反例:

“First of all, following the new customs can show a sense of respect,which can allow a better and faster adaption inside the local population so that they make more friends.”

這個句子也有兩個論點：表示尊重(show a sense of respect)，擴大社交(make more friends),同樣也使讀者不能抓住本段的主要內容。

如何避免這種錯誤，使主題句內容簡單呢?很簡單，首先做到每個主題句有且只有一個論點。論點就是指我們頭腦風暴時候想到的那些“key words”，比如健康，安全，情感等等，每段寫一個，不要把健康和安全放在同一個段落，也不要把情感和成功放在同一個段落。

例如上面第二個例子，我們只需要刪去一個論點，就可以變得非常簡潔：

“To start with, accepting cultures in the foreign country is an indispensable element that contributes to the expansion of social circle.”這是一個簡潔的主題句，只有擴大社交(contributes to the expansion of social circle)這一個論點。

論點唯一還不一定能完全做到簡潔，來看另一個反例：

“The first reason why letting children care for animals isnot the best way to teach them about responsibility is that it could negatively impact a child’s health.”

這句話雖然只有一個論點，可是用語太繁雜，讓人頭暈。主題句的語法不建議太複雜，建議大家把花式操作留到其他部分去秀，在主題句，只要寫一些簡單句，例如：“First, raising pets will exert a negative impact on a child’shealth.”就行了。

丨不是陳述事實

來看下面兩個句子：

A: “First, some children might be infected by feeding animals.”

B: “First, raising pets could negatively impact a child’s health.”

哪一個是好的主題句呢?

答案是B。

因爲A句的內容是一個“純粹的事實”，而B句則是“抽象的概念”(exert negative impact)，換言之，A句可以作爲B句的例子，但B句不能作爲A句的例子。

陳述事實的句子是不能作爲主題句的，事實是不言自明的。不言自明，也就不需要後面的文字來“論證”了。主題句需要寫“a sentence that you could give examples for”，而不能寫一個 “example”。

來練習判斷下面幾組句子中哪一個可以做主題句呢?

A: “Second, the academic performance of some children becomes poor after they are responsible for caring for a pet.”

B：“Second, caring for a pet could disrupt a child’s regular studies.”

A: “First, people could learn how to communicate with eachother through participating in community activities”

B: “First, participating in community activities is apractical and effective approach to enhance their social skills.”

A: “First, letting children take care of animal is a good suggestion for the reason that kids like animals.”

B: “To start with, raising pets fill friendship vacuums and satisfy people’s need to nurture"

(答案：三組都是B句較好)

丨使用高級詞彙

很多同學要問，如果主題句中不建議使用複雜句型，又不能出現多層結構，那如何顯示自己的語言功力呢?要知道我們展示語言能力的地方並非只有複雜的句型，豐富和精準的詞彙使用，同樣可以展示英語的專業程度。比如

“First, go to museums can teach people different kinds of knowledge”

→ “First, visiting museums provide people with an opportunity to comprehend a vast amount of knowledge”

想想看，如果原本句子中只會寫“good”之處，替換爲“advantageous, beneficial, effective, efficacious, favorable,invaluable, rewarding, unparalleled, unprecedented”等等詞彙，效果是不是更好呢?如果多次出現“important”的地方，改寫爲“central, critical ,crucial, decisive, essential, pivotal, primary,principal, vital，a key to, an indispensable part, play a pivotal role, attach great importance to”會不會增加可讀性呢?

在平時的閱讀中，注意積累一些“高級詞彙”，準確掌握詞義，並且刻意練習使用這些詞彙，逐漸就會取得不錯的寫作成績。

託福獨立寫作主題句注意問題

主題句作爲對主體部分各自然段的分論點的概述，是全文內容的重要結點，而考官閱卷時由於時間精力有限，不可能細讀全文，一般只會就若干要點做一概覽，此時主題句的重要性就不言而喻了;對於e-rater(電子評分器)而言，一個帶有表意清晰的主題句、結構規整的主體段同樣有助於判分。

主題句寫作中務必注意的第一個要點是不可寫得過於籠統。一些考生在主題句中沒有給出特定的理由，只是簡單重複已有的觀點。如下例：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents should allow their children to make mistakes and let them learn from their own mistakes.

主題句：First of all, learning from mistakes is helpful for children.

該句中的helpful顯然過於籠統，無法成爲一個“允許孩子犯錯並從中學習”的具體理由。這句就比較合適了：First of all, allowing children to make mistakes and to learn from mistakes can help children to be independent. 換言之，主題句中理應出現如independent等較詳細的詞來點明本段的中心思想。

但事實上更常見的問題在於，許多考生在寫主題句時會倒向另一個極端，即寫得過於詳細。如下例：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children should spend most of time on study rather than housework.

主題句：Studying for too long will limit children’s imagination and thus stifle their creativity because children do not have time to think critically.

顧名思義，主題句要求的是用簡明扼要的語言對本段觀點進行概述，不應涉及過多細節。而該句中出現了because引導的原因狀語從句，這類因果關係推導一般僅在下文的詳細展開中出現。在教學實踐中，筆者甚至見到過有的學員的一句主題句長度達到整段的一半以上，其中還有for example帶起的例子。

這樣的寫法壞處顯而易見：一是與考官閱卷時的一般期待相悖，妨礙了考官對文章分論點的快速準確把握，直接影響第一印象;二是涉及的過多細節事實上擠佔了下文詳細展開部分的筆墨，一開始就亮完了底牌，接下來的操作就更難了。所以如Overstudy is harmful to children’s creativity.這樣的句子即可。

以上是主題句寫作的一些要點。雖然我們有時在一些參考書中會看到某些寫法比較“隨性”的高分範文並沒有清楚的主題句，但一般還是建議廣大考生重視這個句子的寫作，以保證成績。

託福寫作高分你得這麼做!

寫作高分必備：

1.教師指導寫作高分技巧

2.不斷實踐高分技巧

3.教師指點修改

技巧

1.學會快速審題-根據題幹，判斷題型，決定解題方式.

2.學會快速展開文章結構-具體包括開頭段，論點，讓步段，結尾段的具體展開技巧和語言點.

3.學會多樣化展開中間段部分-學會寫例子，細節，重邏輯串聯，忌細節堆砌.

修改

寫作高分，除了以上所提到的掌握技巧意外，另外需要的是各位寶寶們的不斷踐行;對於基礎一般的同學一開始的過程會被罵的狗血淋頭，因爲文章慘不忍睹;等作文能夠穩定24分左右以後;你所需要做的事情就是將那些寫的已經能看的作文，通過教師指導修改成一篇真正的高分文章，最後一步嘛;當然就是背背背啦!這可比漫無目的的去背誦各式各樣的範文提升的要快的多;因爲你所背誦的文章思路是你自己的，大部分的語言組織也是你自己的。

下面就向各位寶寶們展示下什麼叫做一篇投入心血的精心批改(黃色爲題目;黑色爲未批改的作文;紅色爲批改和建議部分;藍色爲整體評語);

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Environmental issues can be solved or improved in the future. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

文章優勢：觀點鮮明，結構明確，有例子和細節，語言表達尚可

需要改進的地方： 1.小語法錯誤 2.語言表達比較囉嗦 3.邏輯上很多地方不準確 4.致命傷：中間段2論點不切題， 段落內的論證邏輯不清晰。

這篇文章企圖從兩個角度論證環境會變好：

1.現在全球政府已經意識到，且開始行動- 第一段主體段邏輯沒有問題

2.普通人的意識也正在逐漸養成。- 第二段主題段論點不扣題- 不應該表達：提出環境保護意識是有效的措施。而應該表達爲： 跟過去比起來，現在的人們已經養成了保護環境的意識。 言下之意，就是現在和將來的人們會主動的去保護環境。

Some people consider that environmental problems can be more awful in the future for they believe that the more advent technology, the more pollution will come out(想表達科技越先進，污染問題越多 應該改爲， the more advanced the technology is, the more environmental problems would pop up).(建議整個句子修改爲：In today’s society, many people consider the environment problems could be more awful in the future for the advent of more technological products like the automobile would lead to more serious environmental contamination) However, I believe that environment will be better tomorrow because the every country of the world have been going to take action to face the circumstance issues and human have recognized the importance of protecting surroundings as time goes on(去掉the, 謂語動詞三單，介詞of改爲the 時態改爲完成式即可——- because every country in the world has prepared to take action to resolve environmental issue and the public has already recognized the importance of environmental conservation as time goes by ).

To begin with, environmental issues have become a major matter of concern for a number of countries. (添加過渡性短語- In this way,) This fact has led them to come up with many measures to solve the environmental problems(去掉後面的the 即 solve environmental problems). For instance, The United Nations Climate Change conference which about 192 countries attended was held in 2009, it aimed to discuss and put forward acts to cope with climatic change problems(第一個專有名詞後面從句改爲：The United Nations Climate Change conference attended by 192 countries was held in 2009 with the collective goal, that is, coping with the issue of climate change). There is no doubt that(少用套句，改爲： Undoubtedly,) it has good impact on the tendency of changing climate on the Earth(這句話語言表達和上一句有重複且時態表達有問題 改爲: the conference was a good start symbolizing the cooperation of the whole world to address environmental issue). And this is a know as‘ save the human last chance ’of the meeting(不要另起一句，直接and並列句 即改爲： … and it was known as a meeting of last chance to salvage human beings). Furthermore, more and more solar cars are produced, which are made to save energy to protect environment(furthermore表示遞進or並列此處邏輯上不是很強， 改爲：as a consequence, the number of solar vehicles has experienced a dramatic increase. ). In a word, all of the actions are in order to prevent our Earth from destroying( in order to如此用絕對的中式英文，且總結的句子表達出來的意思並不能幫忙總結這個段落，應該與論點呼應，表達出的大致意義應該是：因此可以看出，全球已經意識到環境問題，且政府以及採取了很多行動， 與下一段形成呼應 下一段應該以“普通人也養成了保護環境得意時”。 所以應該改成： In a word, governments throughout the world have reached an agreement to protect the environment and taken immediate effective and potent measures to avert continual environmental deterioration).

In addition, raising environmental awareness can be an effective method to prevent and control pollution(論點扣題，應該改爲： In addition, current individuals have already cultivated the awareness of environmental preservation and contributed a lot to environmental protection). In contemporary society (in the …), many more people are concern about the environmental situation (are concerned about/ current environmental situation) . Another example of Beijing, which used to be an auto-dependent city, Shrouded by smothering smog for years, residents in Beijing have totally realized the severe consequences brought by heavy smog and are fully motivated to reduce the number of private cars, burn clean fuels and lead a low-carbon life (句子主幹結構應該是：北京被霧霾籠罩很多年，因此北京人知道了後果，開始被激勵去減少適用私家車，燃燒乾淨能源，過低碳生活。 首先邏輯上：這句話的中文實際就不是很扣論點，應該改爲，北京人意識到霧霾的後果，開始養成了後續的這些習慣。 其次語言上： 北京被霧霾籠罩缺乏謂語。 建議整句話改爲;Since citizens in Beijing shrouded by smothering smog for years realize the severe consequences of environmental pollution, they have gradually developed the habit of reducing the frequency of driving private cars, burning clean fuels and leading a low-carbon life). Therefore, government are required to offer more courses, videos and reports useful for raising public awareness on environmental protection in order to create a pleasant ecological environment with cleaner air(這句話的邏輯不通， 作者觀點環境未來會變好， 這段的論證思路是; 普通人意識到保護環境-例子;北京人受到霧霾影響，因此改變了習慣。 接下來不應該說因此， 政府需要去提供更多課。 作者應該這樣去表達， 與此同時，現在的政府也會去做一些事情去加強人們的意識。所以這句應該改爲： Meanwhile, the government also endeavors to strengthen people’s awareness of environmental protection by offering more public courses and related educational TV programs to create a favorable ecological environment). The example shows that our environmental circumstances will gradually get better(總結句依然不扣題，應該改爲，因此可以看出，現在普通人的行爲已經發生了改變，他們的環保意識有利於將來環境質量的提升。所以表達爲： Apparently, the behavior of common people has been changed and their strong consciousness of environmental protection is beneficial to the improvement of future environmental quality).

All in all, our environment will get better tomorrow. I feel hopeful that many more countries is going to take steps to face the environmental problems and more and more people have consciousness on the environmental protection. (小語法錯誤，另外句子不夠精煉，謂語動詞三單，is-are。 整句建議改爲; the efforts made by both the worldwide governments and ordinary individuals can explain why I am convinced that environment in the near future will be improved. )