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託福寫作:強調句型在託福寫作中的應用

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強調句型是英語中的一種特殊句型,如果同學們在託福獨立寫作中,適當運用強調句型,可以起到非常好的提升句子的作用。

託福寫作:強調句型在託福寫作中的應用

託福寫作:強調句型在託福寫作中的應用

我們先來複習一下,託福寫作強調句型的基礎形式爲:

It is / was + 被強調的某個句子成分+ that / who + 句子

強調句型可以用來強調句子中除了謂語之外的成分,起到比較明顯的加強語氣的作用,比如:

I went to the Palace Museum in 1997.

這個句子如果強調時間,就可以變爲:

It was in 1997 that I went to the Palace Museum.

如果直接運用,句子也沒有顯得特別出彩,如果同學們可以用強調句型和其它從句一起使用,就會起來比較好提升作用:

比如我們探討“人口老齡化”的問題,想表達“老齡化日益嚴重的問題讓全球的政府都很擔擾”,可以寫爲:

It is the fact that the population aging problem is getting more and more prevalent that makes all the governments concern all over the world.

上面句子裏面的the population aging problem is getting more and more prevalent是fact的同位語從句。

另外,再推薦同學們一個託福寫作句式:

It is not… but… that really counts

當我們在獨立寫作中,想表達“矛盾雙方取其一更爲重要的時候,就可以套用這個句型,比如我們探討讀書應該read extensively 還是read intensively的時候,可以用到這樣的表達:

It is not how many books we read but how much we understand from the books that really counts.

今天和大家的分享就到這裏,請大家思考下,下面的句子該怎麼表達:

1.出門旅行的時候,不是自由,而是安全,才真正的重要。

2.談到吃飯的問題,不是味道好,而且乾淨,才真正的重要。

託福獨立寫作十大經典句型

第一、定語從句

這應該算是寫作中最常用的一種句型之一。適當地運用定語從句可以給你的文章增色不少。

例如,下面的這兩個句子用上定語從句馬上就變成了一個漂亮的複雜句。

Bad books contain evil thoughts. In them, there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex. source:veduchina

→ Bad books, in which there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex, contain evil thoughts.

第二、狀語從句

在寫作當中運用的最多的是以下五種狀語從句,即原因狀語從句,讓步狀語從句,條件狀語從句,時間狀語從句和目的狀語從句。

1. 原因狀語從句:常由because, as, since和for引導

Eg: Nonetheless, I am still in favor of space travel, for its merits far outweigh demerits.

儘管如此,我還是贊成太空探險,因爲它的好處遠遠大於壞處。

2. 讓步狀語從句:常由although, though, even though/ if, as long as和notwithstanding引導

Eg: Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.

儘管這一觀點被廣泛接受,很少有證據表明教育能夠在任何地點、任何年齡進行。

3. 條件狀語從句:常由if, on the condition that和providing that引導

Eg: If you want to achieve something or intend to fulfill one of your ambitions, you must work hard, make efforts and get prepared. source:veduchina

假如你要取得成就或要實現你的雄心壯志,你必須努力工作、艱苦奮鬥、準備好條件。

4. 時間狀語從句:常由when和while引導

Eg: When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.

說到教育,大部分人認爲其是一個終生的學習。

5. 目的狀語從句: 常由so that和in order that引導

Eg: Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market.

成千上萬的人們不得不花費更多的精力和時間學習新的技術和知識,使得他們在就業市場能保持優勢。

第三、賓語從句

Eg: Some people claim that government should be mainly responsible for the environmental pollution.

一些人認爲政府應對環境污染負主要責任。

Eg: Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it. source:veduchina

許多專家指出這是現代社會發展必然的結果,無法避免。

第四、同位語從句

Eg: It is an undeniable fact that environmental pollution becomes increasingly serious.環境污染變得越來越嚴重是不可否認的事實。

Eg: No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.

沒有人能否認這一基本事實:對於一般工人來講,輕鬆掌握這些技術是不可能的。

第五、主語從句

Eg: What has caught our attention is /It is noticeable that the environment in both the rural and urban areas is deteriorating.

值得注意的是農村和城市的生態環境都在不斷惡化。

Eg: It is universally acknowledged that environmental pollution becomes one of the most serious problems in China or even the world as a whole. source:veduchina

衆所周知,環境污染問題是中國乃至世界面臨的最爲嚴重的問題之一。

第六、強調句: It is + 被強調的內容 + that

Eg: It is cars and factories that release a great deal of gases, polluting the environment.

汽車和工廠排放大量的廢氣,使得環境被污染。

第七、倒裝句

Eg: Only if the government will take some appropriate measures, will this intractable problem be tackled.

只有政府採取適當的措施,這個棘手的問題才能被解決。

第八、被動語態

Eg: Every means should be tried to protect the environment on which people live.

人們應竭盡全力來保護我們賴以生存的環境。

第九、分詞結構:包括現在分詞和過去分詞

Eg: Tourism, which is a rising industry, has become the major source of economy, playing crucial role in many Asian countries. source:veduchina

旅遊業是一個新興的行業,它成爲經濟的主要來源, 在很多東南亞國家起着尤爲重要的作用。

Eg: To be more specific, government should stage some relevant laws or regulations to severely punish the factory producing a great number of pollutants and the people littering or spitting deliberately.

具體來說,政府應該出臺相關法律法規對製造大量污染物的工廠及故意亂扔垃圾隨地吐痰的人進行嚴懲。

第十、插入語

一種獨立成分,與句子的其它成分一般沒有語法上的關係,大都是對一句話作一些附加說明或解釋。它通常由一個詞、一個短語或一個句子構成,位置較爲靈活,可置於句首、句中或句末,一般用逗號或破折號與句子隔開。

Eg: Computer, an indispensable part in our life, has brought us great conveniences.

電腦,我們生活中必不可少的一部分,給我們帶來了極大的方便。

Eg: College students, lacking social experience, are easily cheated.

大學生,沒有社會經驗,容易上當受騙。

託福寫作:教你"造句"

造句要做到準確、多樣以及高分表達

I 準確的句子表達

1. 句型分析

英語的句型包括以下幾種,簡單句、複合句、並列句、並列複合句等。在新託福寫作中,一般使用複合句,輔以並列句和並列複合句,當然肯定要有簡單句,做到長短句相結合。下面摘抄幾個句子給大家認識並分析一下複合句和並列複合句。

a. Even though I usually know what I have to say, I cannot always express myself correctly in English.

這句話是一個複合句,由even though引導的讓步狀語從句。

b. This challenges me to practice my spoken English, with the result that I can complete the speaking tasks more fluently and quickly.

這句話中是一個複合句。with介詞結構中,有一個that引導的同位語從句對result進行解釋說明。

c. I think this is less than ideal because any differences in opinion become personal conflicts, and therefore that might jeopardize the employee’s job.

上句話是一個並列複雜句。and 連接了兩個句子,是一個並列句;because引導的原因狀語從句。

d. Shallow writing is indicative of weak critical-thinking skills, and such writing, which is often described as “sophomoric”, receives low mark.

這句話同樣是並列複雜句。由and連接兩個句子,成爲並列句,再一個which引導的定語從句。

2. 有問題的句子的列舉

考生寫的句子容易出現三個問題:一是使用破碎句,二是使用接連句,三是句子連接不正確。

1). 破碎句

所謂破碎句,就是句子不完整,通常是沒有謂語(或者說謂語是動詞的非謂語形式,如分詞),或者是從句單獨成句。

破碎句:She singing alone. (無謂語,singing是現在分詞)

正確句:She is singing alone.

破碎句:He did not come. Because he was sick. (從句單獨成句)

正確句:He did not come because he was sick.

2).接連句

所謂接連據,就是兩個句子直接連在一起,既未使用連詞,也未使用正確的標點符號。

接連句: Professionals such as lawyers or accountants usually work longer hours than factory workers they have greater freedom in planning their time.

正確句一: Professionals such as lawyers or accountants usually work longer hours than factory workers. However, they have greater freedom in planning their time.

正確句二: Professionals such as lawyers or accountants usually work longer hours than factory workers; however, they have greater freedom in planning their time.

3).句子連接不正確

所謂句子連接不正確,就是兩個獨立的句子之間以逗號連接,這是不合英語語法的。正確的做法是以連詞、分號、冒號、句號等連接兩個句子。

不正確句: Breaking chalk into two pieces is a physical change, there is no change in the composition of the chalk.

正確句: Breaking chalk into two pieces is a physical change, so there is no change in the composition of the chalk.

II 高分表達

除了在句式上長短句相結合準確表達外,朗閣海外考試研究中心建議新托福考生要使用一些特殊的句式,以使句型多樣化。句型多樣化也是作文得到高分的條件之一。除了我們之前經常提到的高分句式,如倒裝句、強調句、狀語前置、插入語等,筆者還提出另外一個句式的多樣變化,即主語多樣化。下面筆者將列舉幾個句子概括介紹前面四種句型,而重點分析主語多樣化。

正常句: Luck only works in extreme cases.

倒裝句: Only in extreme cases does luck work.(否定詞位於句首的倒裝。)

正常句: The internet provides people access to the latest information.

強調句: It is the internet that provides people access to the latest information. (強調the internet)

正常句: The environment has been deteriorating severely along with the development of industry.

狀語前置句: Along with the accelerating development of industry, the environment has been deteriorating severely.

正常句: However, new zoos try to duplicate animals’ natural habitats as much as possible and give animals a comfortable amount of space.

插入語: New zoos, however, try to duplicate animals’ natural habitats as much as possible and give animals a comfortable amount of space. (連詞however做插入語)

主語多樣

1. 她突然想到了一個主意。

She suddenly had an idea.

通常情況下,考生會馬上對這句話進行翻譯,基本不會動句子結構。但是以人作爲主語的英語句子總是不能夠很吸引人,所以這個句子如果稍微做下修改,以後面的賓語“主意”做主語,這個句子會發生一些變化。

An idea suddenly occurred to her.

2. 他開車心不在焉,幾乎闖禍。

He was absent-minded when driving, and almost caused an accident.

這句話依然是拿人做主語,稍微改一下,把心不在焉這個形容詞的名詞形式做主語,會大不相同。

His absence of mind during driving nearly caused an accident.

3. 美利堅合衆國創立於1789年。

The United States of America was founded in 1789.

這句話沒有任何錯誤,但是不夠多樣,可以用時間作主語。

The year 1789 witnessed the founding of the United States of America.

III 實用句型

在文章的最後,朗閣海外考試研究中心爲大家列舉幾個新托福考試中可以使用的套用句型,爲一些寫句子摸不着頭緒的考生提供幫助。

1. It pays to make great efforts to prepare for TOEFL-ibt.

努力準備新托福考試是值得的。

2. Nothing is more important than to receive education.

沒有比接受教育更重要的了。

3. The reason why the white-collars suffer increasing work-related stress is that they pursue work achievement in career.

白領壓力日益增加的原因是他們在事業上有所追求。

4. It is time the related department took proper measures.

(虛擬句式)相關部門早該採取適當的措施了。

如何提高託福寫作的能力

首先,夯實語法基礎。

很對學生都會認爲,託福語法對於中國學生來說並不是件難事。中國英語的教學,從小講究準確的語法。而且,託福寫作中也不要求太過奢華的語法表現,懂得主謂賓正常的構句規則和強調句、倒裝句的運用足以讓們完成一篇作文。但是,要提醒大家,對於語法的理解和實際運用還是有一定區別的,怎麼提高託福寫作能力?建議大家多去動筆寫。寫完後,讓身邊的老師或是“託友”看看,找到每一個語法錯誤點。

其次,增強文章條理性。

熟讀過一些典型託福範文的同學,都應該瞭解,託福寫作很講求文章的邏輯嚴密性的。有人還甚至覺得他的結構與八股文相比有過之而無不及,但是,小編建議大家不要輕視了這作文結構。之前我們提到考查是否有能力用邏輯思維方法來表達自己對事物的想法和看法,實際上也就是在文章的結構上得以表達。大家在練習作文時,往往會覺得如何準確用詞會是練習的重點,會費去練習的大量時間。其實,如何構建一個嚴密的邏輯框架纔是訓練之重,需要被放在首位。

最後,注重語言的多樣性。

有了清晰的邏輯結構,就像全文有了骨架,身下的工作就是怎樣爲他充實。這也就是在託福寫作過程中語言的多樣性。怎麼提高託福寫作能力?這就需要我們平時對於一些詞彙和句式的多加積累和不斷練習使用。畢竟,在託福寫作中,考官不想看到過於華麗高端的詞彙,而通順流程纔是他們最希望能看的。