英語語法考點介詞

英語的介詞有什麼作用呢?大家知道嗎?接下來，小編給大家準備了英語語法考點介詞,歡迎大家參考與借鑑。

1、介詞和種類

(1) 簡單介詞，常用的有at, in, on, about, across1, before, beside, for , to, without等。

(2) 複合介詞，如by means2 of, along3 with, because of, in front of, instead5 of等。

2、介詞和其他詞類的習慣搭配關係

(1) 和動詞的搭配，如agree with, ask for, belong7 to, break away from, care8 about等。

(2) 和形容詞的搭配，如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at

(3) 和名詞的搭配，如answer to , key to, reason9 for, cause4 of, visit to等.

3、介詞短語可以有自己的修飾語，這種修飾語通常有right, just, badly10, all, well, directly, completely等少數幾個副詞。如：

He came13 right after dinner.

He lives directly opposite14 the school.

4、 某些介詞的意義與用法舉例

(1) at, on, in(表時間)

表示時間點用at,如at four o'clock, at midnight等;表示不確定的時間或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。

指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst等。

指長於或短於一天的時段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999等。

(2) between, among15(表位置)

between僅用於二者之間，但說三者或三者以上中的每兩個之間的相互關係時，也用between, 如

I'm sitting between Tom and Alice.

The village lies16 between three hills.

among用於三者或三者以上之間。如：

He is the best among the students.

(3) beside, besides17

beside意爲"在…旁邊"，而besides意爲"除…之外"。如：

He sat18 beside me.

What do you want besides this?

(4)in the tree, on the tree

in the tree 指動物或人在樹上，而on the tree 指果實、樹葉長在樹上

(5)on the way, in the way, by the way, in this way

on the way 指在路上 in the way 指擋道

by the way 指順便問一句 in this way 用這樣的方法

(6)in the corner, at the corner

in the corner 指在拐角內 at the corner 指在拐角外

(7)in the morning, on the morning

in the morning 是一般說法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨

(8)by bus, on the bus

by bus 是一般說法 on the bus 特指乘某一輛車

II. 例題

例1 Do you know any other foreign19 language____ English?

A except20 B but C beside D besides

解析：A、B兩項except等於but，意爲"除了…"，C-beside意爲"在…旁邊"，不符合題意。而D-besides, 　　意爲"除了…之外，還有"。所以該題正確答案爲D。該題意爲：除了英語外，你還知道別的語言嗎?

例2 He suddenly21 returned22 ____ a rainy night.

A on B at C in D during23

解析：我們均知道，at night這一短語，但如果night前有修飾詞，表具體的夜晚，則要用介詞on來修飾，故該題正確答案爲A。

例3 I'm looking forward24 ____your letter.

A to B in C at D on

解析：該題正確答案爲A。look forward to 爲固定搭配，意爲"期望、盼望"。

　　擴展：副詞

1、 副詞的種類

(1) 時間副詞 如：ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow等。

(2) 地點副詞 如：here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside等。

(3) 方式副詞 如：carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervously等。

(4) 程度副詞 如：almost, nearly, much, greatly2, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very等。

2、 副詞比較等級的用法

其用法與形容詞相似，只是副詞最高級前可省略定冠詞。如：

Of all the boys he sings (the) most beautifully3.

We must work harder.

3、 某些副詞在用法上的區別

(1) already, yet, still

already表示某事物已經發生，主要用於肯定句;yet表示期待某事發生，主要用於否定句和疑問句;still表示某事還在進行，主要用於肯定句和疑問句，有時也可用於否定句。如：

We've already watched that film.

I haven't finished my homework yet.

He still works4 until late every night.

(2) too, as well, also, either

too, as well和 also用於肯定句和疑問句，too和as well多用於口語，一般放在句末，而also多用於書面語，一般放在句中與動詞連用。either用於否定句和否定的疑問句，往往放在句末。如：He went there too.

He didn't go there either.

I like you as well.

I also went there.

(3) hard, hardly

hardly意爲"幾乎"與hard在詞義上完全不同。如：

I work hard every day.

I can hardly remember that.

(4) late, lately5

lately意爲"最近、近來"，late意爲"晚、遲"。如：

He never comes late.

Have you been to the museum lately?

4、例題解析

例1 Tom's father thinks he is already ____

A high enough 　B tall enough

C enough high 　C enough tall

解析：該題正確答案是B。修飾人高用tall, 而建築物的高用high,並且enough修飾形容詞要放在形容詞後面。因此該題選B。

例2 ____ the worse I seem to be.

A When I take more medicine

B The more medicine I take

C Taking more of the medicine

D More medicine taken

解析：該題正確答案爲B。"the+形容詞比較級+… , the +形容詞比較級+…"意爲越…，越…。該句意爲：吃的藥越多，我的病越是加重。

例3"I haven't been to London yet".

"I haven't been there ____".

A too 　B also 　C either 　D neither

解析：該題正確答案爲C。A和B都用於肯定句中。D-neither本身意爲否定"兩者都不"，而C-either則用於否定句中，意爲"也"。

例4 Mr Smith was ____ moved at the news.

A deep 　B deeply6 　C very deep 　D quite deeply

解析：該題正確答案爲B。A. deep用於副詞時，修飾具體的深，如dig deep,而B-deeply則修飾表示感情色彩的詞，如該題爲deeply moved.另如deeply regret等。而D-quite和deeply均爲副詞，不能互相修飾。