託福閱讀真題練習：生物多樣性的文本+題目+答案

除了大量的託福詞彙儲備以外，大家可能最需要的就是託福閱讀真題的練習。那麼除了官方真題Official你還有哪些託福閱讀真題進行練習呢?今天小編就爲大家整理了生物多樣性的文本、題目以及答案，希望可以幫助到大家。

託福閱讀真題練習：生物多樣性的文本+題目+答案

託福閱讀文本：

Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems. As the human population continues to expand, it will negatively affect one after another of Earth's ecosystems. In terrestrial ecosystems and in fringe marine ecosystems (such as wetlands), the most common problem is habitat destruction. In most situations, the result is irreversible. Now humans are beginning to destroy marine ecosystems through other types of activities, such as disposal and run off of poisonous waste; in less than two centuries, by significantly reducing the variety of species on Earth, they have unraveled cons of evolution and irrevocably redirected its course.

Certainly, there have been periods in Earth's history when mass extinctions have occurred. The extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by some physical event, either climatic or cosmic. There have also been less dramatic extinctions, as when natural competition between species reached an extreme conclusion. Only .01 percent of the species that have lived on Earth have survived to the present, and it was largely chance that determined which species survived and which died out.

However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment. In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves, that will lead to biological devastation. Life on Earth has continually been in flux as slow physical and chemical changes have occurred on Earth, but life needs time to adapt — time for migration and genetic adaptation within existing species and time for the proliferation of new genetic material and new species that may be able to survive in new environments.

託福閱讀題目：

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Why people in preindustrial societies worked few hours per week

(B) Changes that have occurred in the number of hours that people work per week

(C)A comparison of the number of hours worked per year in several industries

(D) Working conditions during the Industrial Revolution

2. Compared to preiudustrial times, the number of hours in the workweek in the nineteenth

century

(A) remained constant

(B) decreased slightly

(C) decreased significantly

(D) increased significantly

3. The word "norm" in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(A) minimum.

(B) example

(C) possibility

(D) standard

4. The word "henceforth" in line 13 is closest in meaning to

(A) in the end

(B) for a brief period

(C) from that time on

(D) on occasion

5. The "idea" mentioned in line 15 refers to

(A) the 60-hour workweek

(B) the reduction in the cost of automobiles

(C) the reduction in the workweek at some automobile factories

(D) the criticism of Ford by United States Steel and Westinghouse

6. What is one reason for the change in the length of the workweek for the average worker in the

United States during the 1930's?

(A) Several people sometimes shared a single job.

(B) Labor strikes in several countries influenced labor policy in the United States.

(C) Several corporations increased the length of the workweek.

(D) The United States government instituted a 35-hour workweek.

7. Which of the following is mentioned as one of the purposes of the Fair Labor Standards Act of

1938 ?

(A) to discourage workers from asking for increased wages

(B) to establish a limit on the number of hours in the workweek

(C) to allow employers to set the length of the workweek for their workers

(D) to restrict trade with countries that had a long workweek

8. The word "mandated" in line 18 is closest in meaning to

(A) required

(B) recommended

(C) eliminated

(D) considered

9. The word "immutable" in line 21 is closest in meaning to

(A) unmatched

(B) irregular

(C) unnecessary

(D) unchangeable

10. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as evidence that the length of the workweek has

been declining since the nineteenth century?

(A) The half-day holiday (line 7)

(B) Henry Ford (lines 11-12)

(C) United States Steel and Westinghouse (line 14-15)

(D) German metalworkers (line 21)

11. According to the passage , one goal of the Japanese government is to reduce the average

annual amount of work to

(A) 1,646 hours

(B) 1,800 hours

(C) 1,957 hours

(D) 2,088 hours

託福閱讀答案：

CBBCD CDAD

進行託福閱讀訓練的四種高分方法

託福閱讀高分方法一：快速泛讀(fastextensivereading)

泛讀是指廣泛閱讀大量涉及不同領域的文章，要求讀得快，理解和掌握文中的主要內容就可以。要確定一個明確的閱讀定額，定額要結合自己的實際，可多可少，例如每天讀20頁。

託福閱讀高分方法二：計時閱讀(timedreading)

計時閱讀每次進行5～10分鐘即可，不宜太長。因爲計時快速閱讀，精力高度集中，時間一長，容易疲勞，精力分散反而乏味。

託福閱讀高分方法三：尋讀(Scanning)

尋讀又稱查讀，同略讀一樣，尋讀也是一種快速閱讀技巧。

尋讀是一種從大量的資料中迅速查找某一項具體事實或某一項特定信息，如人物、事件、時間、地點、數字等，而對其它無關部分略去不讀的快速閱讀方法。

託福閱讀高分方法四：略讀(skimming)

略讀又稱跳讀(readingandskipping)或瀏覽(glancing)，是一種專門的，非常實用的快速閱讀技能。

託福閱讀成績提升的方向

單詞

根據自己的英語基礎制定出每天能夠堅持的，切實可行的背單詞計劃。

結合託福閱讀文章記憶單詞是頗爲有效的方法。如脫離語言環境孤立地背單詞彙，就很容易把單詞的意義和正確用法遺忘或者混淆。而且，枯燥的單詞書和字母表容易讓人疲倦和產生挫敗感。在精讀託福文章的同時背單詞，除了單詞的收穫，還能深入瞭解文章中的各類人文常識，趣味科普知識，從而產生每天堅持閱讀，堅持背單詞的興趣和動力。另外，有效記單詞的另一個重要原則是：一定要反覆記憶。背過的單詞一定要定期複習。

語法

掌握託福語法應側重對句子的理解，應學會從句子的主幹成分-----主謂結構入手，對並列句、比較句、指代句、複合句和雙重否定句有充分的把握，注意人稱、語態在句子中的變化，並結合句子上下問，正確地掌握其要表達的思想。要逐漸培養將一個長句子讀成一個相對短的句子、即長句短讀的能力。讀完一個長句後自己能總結歸納，提煉其陳述的要點。

加大閱讀廣度

在和託福閱讀8分以上的高分學員的交流中發現，他們的託福閱讀技巧便是英語的積累閱讀量大。有的是考前通讀過多種託福閱讀資料，有的是過去讀過TOEFL、GRE和GMAT的各類文章，有的是因爲工作的需要每天上網快速閱讀英文參考文獻。所以，積累和擴大自己的英文閱讀量是邁向高分的必由之路。G類考試的閱讀前兩部分通常是使用性強的功能性短文，如菜單、產品說明、同志、住宿安排和廣告等、非常貼近西方的實際生活，但對國內絕大多數考生而言很陌生。建議爭取每天閱讀一定量的原版英文報刊、書籍，如Time、Reader's Digest等。尤其注意其中的各類廣告。

提高閱讀速度

說起託福閱讀高分策略不能忽略的一個問題便是閱讀速度。托福考試的閱讀部分，無論是A還是G類，都是同時測試考生的閱讀速度和理解的精確度。而如何快速地閱讀完長文章，留出充足的時間回答各類題型，是考生必然面臨的一個難題。要想提高閱讀速度首先要改掉閱讀的不良習慣。針對大多數考生的通病，提出下面4點注意事項：

1、擴大眼睛掃描的寬度。要達到託福閱讀的速度，請注意訓練自己一眼看過，至少閱讀到3~5個單詞。

2、閱讀過程中只使用眼睛和大腦兩大器官。不要小聲讀出來(使用了嘴和耳朵：))，不要在心中默讀(能默讀說明你一眼只看到一個單詞

3、遇到生單詞不用緊張，學會通過上下文猜大意

4、有重點地閱讀，把握文章結構和大意

有了以上基礎，還要有針對性地訓練和提高託福閱讀所要求的各種閱讀能力。按照對獲得託福高分的重要性順序，這些閱讀能力依次爲

把握長文章結構(Understanding framework of a passage)

快速瀏覽文章(Skimming)

掃描特定信息(Scanning)

理解複雜句子結構(Understanding complex structure)

通過上下問猜測句意(Understanding meaning from context)

形成概念(Forming a mental image)

在準備考試的過程中，除了要做IELTS考題之外，還要進行泛讀和快速閱讀。泛讀可以選擇一些英美主流媒體的文章，在網站上可以找到，目的是熟悉單詞和句型。快速閱讀就是用掃描文章的方法對其結構有大致的瞭解，並把握其主旨。同時，在重點句子和詞彙上做出標記。這種方法對閱讀考試幫助極大，平時可多加練習。另外，爲了提高閱讀的速度還要養成良好的閱讀習慣，不能邊看邊用嘴跟着讀，眼、嘴並用必會降低閱讀速度;一旦發現生詞(這種情況絕大多數同學都肯定要遇到)，先不要緊張，要通過英語構詞法(前綴、詞根和後綴)來分析推測詞義，或結合上下文、前後詞語去猜測，如果根據上下文及前後詞語還是無法確切瞭解其真正含義，可以再看一下這個詞對整個句子所構成的影響是肯定的，還是否定的，實際上這對你理解作者的意圖已足夠了，實在不行就做上記號，將來看一看是否影響答題，如無影響就堅決忽略。

託福閱讀中的從句與分詞

1.定語從句

託福閱讀讀完主句主語後，如果發現有定語從句的引導詞that，which，who等，一定要跳過第一個或並列的幾個帶有時態的動詞(定語從句的謂語動詞)，直接尋找第二個帶有或並列的幾個帶有時態的動詞(主語的謂語動詞)，並將從定語從句的引導詞至第二個帶有時態的動詞之間的部分用括號括起來，括號中的這部分就是修飾主語主語的定語從句。這類句子的閱讀解步驟與前面提到的託福閱讀文章中的兩類句子基本一致。

例子：

The Ediacara fossil formation, which contains the oldest known animal fossils, consists exclusively of soft-bodied forms.

分析：主語The Ediacara fossil formation，which contains the oldest known animal fossils非現在性定語從句作插入，謂語consists exclusively of ，賓語soft-bodied forms。

定語從句先不讀，讀完句子主幹之後再讀。

下面我們按照上述步驟來理解這句話。

①讀句子主幹：主語(The Ediacara fossil formation)→謂語(consists exclusively of)→賓語(soft-bodied forms)

翻譯：E化石形勢只包含了軟體動物，

②讀主語的定語從句：which contains the oldest known animal fossils

翻譯：包含了已知的最古老的動物化石

整個句子的意思就是：E化石形成，它包含了已知的最古老的動物化石，只包含了軟體動物。

2.後置分詞

有些長難句中，主語和謂語之間夾雜着一個修飾主語的後置分詞結構，包括現在分詞結構和過去分詞結構兩種。後置的現在分詞結構比較容易辨識，在閱讀句子時，可以將現在分詞與謂語動詞之間的部分用括號括起來，先讀句子的主幹，再讀括號中的部分。後置的過去分詞結構是個難題，不少人容易將過去分詞錯當成主句謂語動詞的過去式。爲了避免這種錯誤，在讀長難句的時候需要分析主語與動詞之間是主動關係還是被動關係。如果主語與動詞之間是被動關係，而該動詞前面沒有表示被動關係的be動詞，那麼這個詞就是主語的後置過去分詞，而不是句子的謂語。將這部分用括號括起來即可，對於託福閱讀試題解答就很有幫助了。讀句子步驟如上。

Petroleum, consisting of crude oil and natural gas, seems to originate from organic matter in marine sediment.

分析：主語Petroleum，consisting of crude oil and natural gas後置定語做插入，seems to originate from謂語， organic matter賓語，in marine sediment地點狀語。

下面我們按照上述步驟來理解這句話。

①讀句子主幹：主語(Petroleum)→謂語(seems to originate from)→賓語(organic matter)

翻譯：石油看似來自於有機物。

②讀主語的後置分詞修飾成分(consisting of crude oil and natural gas)

翻譯：包含了原油和天然氣。

③讀句子的其他修飾成分(in marine sediment)

翻譯：在海洋沉澱裏。

整個句子的意思就是：包含原油和天然氣的石油看似來自於海洋沉澱裏的有機物質。